Biotransformation of losartan to its active carboxylic acid metabolite in human liver microsomes. Role of cytochrome P4502C and 3A subfamily members.

RA Stearns, PK Chakravarty, R Chen… - Drug metabolism and …, 1995 - ASPET
Losartan is a 4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole derivative that is a potent and highly selective
angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Losartan is metabolized in vivo in rats, monkeys, and …

Extrapolation of diclofenac clearance from in vitro microsomal metabolism data: role of acyl glucuronidation and sequential oxidative metabolism of the acyl …

…, R Subramanian, MP Braun, RA Stearns… - … of Pharmacology and …, 2002 - ASPET
… 1) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is widely used for the treatment of a variety
of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and acute muscle aches …

Studies on cytochrome P-450-mediated bioactivation of diclofenac in rats and in human hepatocytes: identification of glutathione conjugated metabolites

WEI Tang, RA Stearns, SM Bandiera, Y Zhang… - Drug Metabolism and …, 1999 - ASPET
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac causes a rare but potentially fatal
hepatotoxicity that may be associated with the formation of reactive metabolites. In this study, three …

Roles of human hepatic cytochrome P450s 2C9 and 3A4 in the metabolic activation of diclofenac

W Tang, RA Stearns, RW Wang… - Chemical research in …, 1999 - ACS Publications
Recently, it was shown that diclofenac was metabolized in rats to reactive benzoquinone
imines via cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation. These metabolites also were detected in …

Design and Pharmacology of N-[(3R)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolinium- 3-ylcarbonyl]-(1R)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)- 2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol- 1-ylmethyl) …

…, RN Kalyani, R Tang, RA Stearns… - Journal of medicinal …, 2002 - ACS Publications
Synthetic and natural peptides that act as nonselective melanocortin receptor agonists have
been found to be anorexigenic and to stimulate erectile activity. We report the design and …

Mechanism-based inhibition of human steroid 5α-reductase by finasteride: enzyme-catalyzed formation of NADP− dihydrofinasteride, a potent bisubstrate analog …

…, DE Ellsworth, RR Miller, RA Stearns… - Journal of the …, 1996 - ACS Publications
Finasteride is employed in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in man, where its target
enzyme is steroid 5α-reductase. It is a novel, potent mechanism-based inhibitor of the …

Timing of the radical recombination step in cytochrome P-450 catalysis with ring-strained probes

PR Ortiz de Montellano, RA Stearns - Journal of the American …, 1987 - ACS Publications
Nortricyclane, methylcyclopropane, and bicyclo [2.1. 0] pentane have been used to probe the
catalytic mechanism of microsomal cytochromeP-450. Nortricyclane is oxidized by rat liver …

Cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated bioactivation of raloxifene: irreversible enzyme inhibition and thiol adduct formation

…, TA Blizzard, ML Hammond, RA Stearns… - Chemical research in …, 2002 - ACS Publications
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator which is effective in the treatment of
osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We report herein that cytochrome P450 (P450)3A4 …

Heterotropic cooperativity of cytochrome P450 3A4 and potential drug-drug interactions

W Tang, RA Stearns - Current drug metabolism, 2001 - ingentaconnect.com
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) 3A4 is the most abundant human hepatic CYP isoform catalyzing
the metabolism of approximately 50percent of therapeutic agents. In addition to inhibition or …

Bioactivation of diclofenac via benzoquinone imine intermediates—identification of urinary mercapturic acid derivatives in rats and humans

…, MP Braun, GA Doss, C Freeden, RA Stearns… - Drug metabolism and …, 2001 - ASPET
The metabolism of diclofenac has been reported to produce reactive benzoquinone imine
intermediates. We describe the identification of mercapturic acid derivatives of diclofenac in …