Background Acute and persistent post-traumatic headache are often debilitating
consequences of traumatic brain injury. Underlying physiological mechanisms of post-traumatic …

Background The clinical efficacy of migraine therapeutic agents directed towards the
calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) pathway has confirmed the key role of this axis in migraine …

Migraine headache results from activation of meningeal nociceptors, however, the
hypothalamus is activated many hours before the emergence of pain. How hypothalamic neural …

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
belong to a new generation of therapeutics that are effective in the prevention of …

RCAN1 is a chromosome 21 gene that controls secretion in endocrine cells, regulates
mitochondrial function, and is sensitive to oxidative stress. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is …

Introduction Females are thought to have increased risk of developing post-traumatic headache
following a traumatic head injury or concussion. However, the processes underlying this …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a brain-gut disorder characterized by abdominal pain and
altered bowel habits. Although the etiology of IBS remains unclear, stress in adulthood or in …

Mitochondria are the primary site of cellular energy generation and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) accumulation. Elevated ROS levels are detrimental to normal cell function and have …

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) was initially identified as a binding partner of huntingtin,
mutations in which underlie Huntington's disease. Subcellular localization and protein …

Key points Huntingtin‐associated protein 1 (HAP1) is expressed in neurons and endocrine
cells, in which it is thought to regulate vesicle trafficking. HAP1 is a binding partner of the …