This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most common cause of
chronic liver disease worldwide. Its prevalence has increased to more than 30% of adults in …

Chronic liver diseases are frequent and potentially life threatening for humans. The
underlying etiologies are diverse, ranging from viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and …

Alcohol misuse is the leading cause of cirrhosis and the second most common indication for
liver transplantation in the Western world 1 , 2 , 3 . We performed a genome-wide …

Background/Aims: The activation of hepatic stellate cells is a key initiating event in hepatic
fibrogenesis. Although TGFβ1 is a potent inducer of collagen α1(I) expression in vitro and …

Although NFkappaB binding activity is induced during liver regeneration after partial
hepatectomy, the physiological consequence of this induction is unknown. We have assessed the …

BACKGROUND/AIMS: B7-H1 (PD-L1) is a B7-family member that binds to programmed
death-1 (PD-1). Recently, deficiency of PD-L1 has been demonstrated to result in accelerated …

Macrophages are key regulators of liver fibrosis progression and regression in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver macrophages comprise resident phagocytes, Kupffer cells, …

High concentrations of lactic acid (LA) are found under various pathophysiological conditions
and are accompanied by an acidification of the environment. To study the impact of LA on …

Chronic liver disease with cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States,
and alcoholic liver disease accounts for approximately half of all cirrhosis deaths. Chronic …