Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Adenine-Hydrogen Sulfide Slow Release Hybrids Designed as Multitarget Cardioprotective Agents

J Med Chem. 2016 Mar 10;59(5):1776-90. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01223. Epub 2016 Feb 8.

Abstract

This work deals with the design, synthesis, and evaluation of the cardioprotective properties of a number of novel hybrid compounds combining the adenine nucleus with a suitable H2S slow-releasing moiety, coupled via a stable ether bond. The H2S release rate of the hybrids and their ability to increase cGMP were estimated in vitro. The most promising derivatives 4 and 11, both containing 4-hydroxythiobenzamide moiety as H2S donor, were selected for further in vivo evaluation. Their ability to release H2S in vivo was recorded using a new fully validated UPLC-DAD method. Both compounds reduced significantly the infarct size when administered at the end of sustained ischemia. Mechanistic studies showed that they conferred enhanced cardioprotection compared to adenine or 4-hydroxythiobenzamide. They activate the PKG/PLN pathway in the ischemic myocardium, suggesting that the combination of both pharmacophores results in synergistic cardioprotective activity through the combination of both molecular pathways that trigger cardioprotection.

MeSH terms

  • Adenine / analogs & derivatives
  • Adenine / chemistry
  • Adenine / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Cardiotonic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Cardiotonic Agents / chemistry*
  • Cardiotonic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Drug Design*
  • Heart Rate / drug effects
  • Hydrogen Sulfide / chemistry
  • Hydrogen Sulfide / pharmacology*
  • Male
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Myocardial Ischemia / drug therapy*
  • Rabbits

Substances

  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Adenine
  • Hydrogen Sulfide