This review is intended to describe the characteristics of the rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin administration (n-STZ models), to sum-up the information so far collected and to highlight the potential of these models for diabetes research. The n-STZ models can now be recognized as adequate tools for the elucidation of the mechanisms leading to: 1) regeneration of the beta cells, 2) the functional "exhaustion" of the beta cells, 3) the emergence of defects in insulin action. They appear well-suited to study the effects of the modulating factors involved in the appearance and/or deterioration of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (obesity, gestation, content of the diet). They are potentially appropriate for investigations in diabetes pharmacotherapy.