Loxapine P-glycoprotein interactions in vitro

Drug Metab Lett. 2012 Mar;6(1):26-32. doi: 10.2174/187231212800229255.

Abstract

The antipsychotic drugs risperidone, paliperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, and chlorpromazine have been reported to have various degrees of interaction (substrate or inhibitor) with the multidrug resistance transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). An interaction of the antipsychotic drug loxapine with P-gp was recently reported, but an IC50 value was not determined. Loxapine (as the succinate salt) was evaluated as a P-gp substrate, and inhibitor of P-gp mediated transport of digoxin in vitro in Caco-2 cells. Loxapine was not a substrate for P-gp but did exhibit weak-to-moderate inhibition (IC50 = 9.1 μM). Since the typical steady state maximal plasma concentrations of loxapine in clinical use have been reported to be in the nanomolar range, pharmacokinetic interactions due to the inhibition of P-gp activity are not expected.

MeSH terms

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / metabolism
  • Antipsychotic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Antipsychotic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Biological Transport
  • Caco-2 Cells
  • Digoxin / pharmacokinetics*
  • Humans
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Loxapine / administration & dosage
  • Loxapine / pharmacology*

Substances

  • ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • Digoxin
  • Loxapine