It is well accepted that dopamine receptors play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular and kidney function. Most of the knowledge on the renal actions of dopamine has been accumulated focussing on the prototypes of the two known dopamine receptor subfamilies, i.e. D1 and D2. The dopamine D3 receptor is a member of the D2-like subfamily and has been intensively studied in the neurosciences. Recently, the peripheral actions of this receptor subtype have also raised considerable interest as well because its effects on kidney function appear to be different from that of the other dopamine receptors. This short overview will summarize the data reported and add new results on the role of D3 receptors in the regulation of renal function as well as their potential pathophysiological implications.