Renal sympathetic nerve responses to stimulation, inhibition and destruction of the ventrolateral medulla in the rabbit
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Dynamic changes in the relationship of microglia to cardiovascular neurons in response to increases and decreases in blood pressure
2016, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :However, the increased microglial contact with neuronal synapses was a rapid and long term effect and did not return to normal levels even following 10 h of phenylephrine infusion. Augmented inhibitory output (GABAergic transmission) from CVLM neurons, in response to increased BP levels, shuts down neurons in the RVLM region (Pilowsky et al., 1985, 2009). In the RVLM, microglial numbers increased and changed their distribution pattern following 2 h of continuous hypertension.
PSer40 tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry identifies the anatomical location of C1 neurons in rat RVLM that are activated by hypotension
2016, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Subsequently, it was discovered that these same PNMT cells (also termed C1 neurons) projected to the spinal cord where they synapsed exclusively – albeit in very small numbers – with sympathetic preganglionic neurons (Guyenet et al., 1989). Ablation or inhibition of the RVLM causes a catastrophic fall in arterial BP and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) (Pilowsky et al., 1985; Sun and Reis, 1996; Horiuchi and Dampney, 1998). Depletion of C1 cells in RVLM does not significantly alter arterial pressure or generation of sympathetic vasomotor tone (Schreihofer and Guyenet, 2000); interestingly, depletion of catecholamine neurons does attenuate the pressor and sympathoexcitatory responses to stimulation of the RVLM.
Neurochemical phenotypes of cardiorespiratory neurons
2008, Respiratory Physiology and NeurobiologyLateralisation of projections from the rostral ventrolateral medulla to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat
2002, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The effects last for 40 to 60 s and are mediated by several effector systems, including sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction and release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal glands and vasopressin from the pituitary gland [11,14,23]. The effects on sympathetic nerve activity typically return to baseline faster than the blood pressure response [20]. Data were acquired on-line using a CED 1401 plus and SPIKE 2 software CED, (Cambridge, UK).