Behavioral activation by CRF: Evidence for the involvement of the ventral forebrain
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Effects of footshocks on anxiety-like behavior and mRNA levels of precursor peptides for corticotropin releasing factor and opioids in the forebrain of the rat
2015, NeuropeptidesCitation Excerpt :The lateral portion of the BST and the lateral subnucleus of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) contain neurons that produce corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) (Cassell et al., 1999), a peptide shown to mediate the behavioral effects of stress (Heinrichs and Koob, 2004). For example, microinjections of CRF into the amygdala or the BST produced anxiety-like effects (Lee and Davis, 1997; Lee et al., 2008; Sahuque et al., 2006; Tazi et al., 1987) whereas microinjection of CRF antagonists into the CeA and BST blocked the negative emotional behaviors associated with a variety of aversive conditions (Erb et al., 2001; Heinrichs et al., 1992; Rassnick et al., 1993; Swiergiel et al., 1993). The opioid peptide dynorphin is another stress-related peptide found in high concentration in the extended amygdala and the shell of the nucleus accumbens (Cassell et al., 1986, 1999; Furuta et al., 2002; Poulin et al., 2009).
Neuropeptide regulation of stress-induced behavior: Insights from the CRF/urocortin family
2012, Handbook of NeuroendocrinologyBrainstem neuronal and behavioral activation by corticotropin-releasing hormone depend on the behavioral state of the animal
2012, Hormones and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :The present results also augment previous findings indicating a rostral brainstem involvement in CRH-stimulated locomotion (Lowry et al., 2000, 2009; Price et al., 1998; Tazi et al., 1987; Valentino et al., 1993; Waselus et al., 2011), where ascending projections from the rostral brainstem would modulate forebrain processes such as cognitive and emotional effects of CRH, whereas the peptide's action on hindbrain neurons, many of which internalize CRH (Hubbard, et al., 2010; Lowry and Moore, 2006), would more directly regulate locomotion.
Selective blockade of the rat brain aqueduct with thermogelling hydrogel nanoparticle dispersion
2008, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :In some biological experiments it is important to isolate a chemical infused into the ventricles to one specific ventricle to show that the chemical is working in a specific brain region. Methodologies using cream and silicone grease have been developed to block aqueduct regions of the brain [1–4]. Studies in our lab isolating CSF within the third or fourth ventricle by infusion of grease into the aqueduct shows grease does not easily conform to the shape of the aqueduct and distends the tissue surrounding this area.