Regular paperIn vitro and in vivo effects of cocaine and selected local anesthetics on the dopamine transporter
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Dimethocaine, a synthetic cocaine derivative: Studies on its in vitro metabolism catalyzed by P450s and NAT2
2014, Toxicology LettersCitation Excerpt :Dimethocaine (DMC, larocaine, 3-diethylamino-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4-aminobenzoate) was marketed as local anesthetic in the 1930s and used in dentistry and ophthalmology. Besides local anesthetic effects, DMC has also effects on the central nervous system acting as dopamine-reuptake-inhibitor (Graham et al., 1995; Wilcox et al., 2000, 2005; Woodward et al., 1995). It is listed by the EMCDDA under the category “synthetic cocaine derivatives” and offered in numerous online shops (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 2013).
Miscellaneous Compounds
2013, Novel Psychoactive Substances: Classification, Pharmacology and ToxicologyAn analysis of the synthetic tryptamines AMT and 5-MeO-DALT: Emerging 'Novel Psychoactive Drugs'
2013, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry LettersCocaine produces D<inf>2</inf>R-mediated conformational changes in the adenosine A<inf>2A</inf>R-dopamine D<inf>2</inf>R heteromer
2010, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsCocaine action on peripheral, non-monoamine neural substrates as a trigger of electroencephalographic desynchronization and electromyographic activation following i.v. administration in freely moving rats
2010, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Since the drug is injected as a high-concentration bolus, actual local levels inside blood vessels could transiently reach even higher concentrations. Such levels greatly exceed COC's affinity to most types of ionic channels, which fluctuate within 5–100 μM range (Woodward et al., 1995; Reith et al., 1986; Wilcox et al., 1998). These phasic peaks of PRO blood plasma levels could be estimated to be within a 0.27–1.1 mM range (for 1.25–5.0 mg/kg doses).
Neural response to lidocaine in healthy subjects
2009, Psychiatry Research - NeuroimagingCitation Excerpt :However, while procaine's affinity for the DAT is low compared to cocaine, both preclinical and clinical studies suggest an overlap between the rewarding and stimulus effects of cocaine and procaine (Woolverton and Balster, 1979, 1982; Fischman et al., 1983b; Garza and Johanson, 1983; Jarbe, 1984; Silverman and Schultz, 1989; Adinoff et al., 1998; Wilcox et al., 2000; Tella and Goldberg, 2001). Studies demonstrating a direct effect of procaine upon dopamine efflux (Woodward et al., 1995) and a relationship between procaine's reinforcing effects and DAT occupancy (Wilcox et al., 2005) suggest that these cocaine-like effects of procaine may be mediated through the DAT. Therefore, it remains uncertain if the CNS effects of procaine are a result of its interaction with the DAT, the sodium channel, or other physiological processes.