Elsevier

Brain Research

Volume 704, Issue 1, 15 December 1995, Pages 112-116
Brain Research

Glia-dependent neurotoxicity and neuroprotection in mesencephalic cultures

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)01189-7Get rights and content

Abstract

Dopaminergic neurotoxicities of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were compared in rat mesencephalic cultures plated on poly-l-lysine or on glial monolayers. In the neuron-enriched cultures plated on polylysine, 6-OHDA killed 89% of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunopositive neurons, but LPS was not neurotoxic. Conversely, in mixed neuron/glial cultures, 6-OHDA killed only 27% of the TH-immunopositive neurons while LPS killed 70%. The mixed neuronal/glial mesencephalic culture offers a better in vitro model for studying possible mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease.

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    Additionally, MSG exposure results in significant alterations in GABA and/or GAD activity in the forebrain, cerebellum and retina (Regan et al., 1982; Di Giorgio et al., 1985; Hashem et al., 2012). Beyond these direct neuronal effects of neonatal MSG exposure, it appears that astrocytes and microglia are susceptible to MSG-induced excitotoxicity (Martinez-Contreras et al., 2002; Chaparro-Huerta et al., 2002) and glial responses to excitotoxicity may in fact trigger neuronal death (Bronstein et al., 1994; Chaparro-Huerta et al., 2002). Taken together, there is overwhelming evidence that neonatal MSG exposure causes neuronal degeneration in many areas (but see Foran et al., 2016).

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