Research reportSystemic morphine reduces GABA release in the lateral but not the medial portion of the midbrain periaqueductal gray of the rat
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Are periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe the foundation of appetitive and aversive control? A comprehensive review
2019, Progress in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :Stimulation of the LPAGe generates distress vocalizations (Kyuhou and Gemba, 1998; Subramanian et al., 2008) and faster breathing (Subramanian et al., 2008), and c-Fos labeling is more prominent in the LPAGe after aversive challenges, like forced swimming (Bellchambers et al., 1998), and after flight responses provoked by inhalation of CO2 or intravenous injection of potassium cyanide (Muller et al., 2017). In addition, c-Fos labeling is stronger in the DLPAGe of rodents that receive a painful deep muscle stimulus (Keay and Bandler, 1993) or exposure to a cat (Canteras and Goto, 1999), and systemic morphine injections only reduce GABA release in the LPAGe, not the LPAGi (Renno et al., 1992). Classically, the main body of research regarding the PAG has focused on its aversive properties.
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2016, Life SciencesCitation Excerpt :Opioid receptors are present in many parts of the brain including the hippocampus, and the visual and somatosensory cortices [8,50]. The effect of morphine on brain function varies among different brain areas [31,64,93]. In the barrel cortex of rodents, electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that chronic morphine administration changes the neuronal response to whisker deflection [2].
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2009, Hormones, Brain and Behavior OnlinePro-nociceptive action of cholecystokinin in the periaqueductal grey: A role in neuropathic and anxiety-induced hyperalgesic states
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