A comparative study on the contribution of cytochrome P450 isozymes to metabolism of benzene, toluene and trichloroethylene in rat liver
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2014, Mutation Research - Reviews in Mutation ResearchCitation Excerpt :These studies have informed identification of the enzymes involved, potential sources of variability, and factors modulating metabolism. In particular, rodent studies have demonstrated the participation of several CYP enzymes in TCE metabolism, including hepatic CYP2E1, CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, and CYP2C11 [45–48]. Forkert et al. [9] also found mouse recombinant CYP2F2 to be active in TCE metabolism.
Trichloroethylene: Mechanistic, epidemiologic and other supporting evidence of carcinogenic hazard
2014, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :In addition to CYP2E1, the major CYP enzyme that metabolizes organic solvents, the other human CYP enzymes reported to have some activity with TCE as substrate include CYP1A1/2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4 (Lash et al., 2000a; Hissink et al., 2002). In rodents, Cyp2e1, Cyp1a1/2, Cyp2b1/2, Cyp2c11 (Nakajima et al., 1992a) and Cyp2f2 (Forkert et al., 2005) have been shown to metabolize TCE in liver and other tissues. The initial step in TCE metabolism by CYP enzymes results in formation of an enzyme-bound chemically unstable intermediate (TCE-O-CYP) which can be converted to TCE-epoxide (TCE-O), N-hydroxy-acetyl-aminoethanol, or chloral/chloral hydrate (CHL/CH).
Modulation of trichloroethylene in vitro metabolism by different drugs in rats
2013, Toxicology in VitroCitation Excerpt :TCE is predominantly metabolized by oxidation and the contribution of GSH-conjugation route is secondary (Fig. 1) (Lash et al., 2000). In the first step of the oxidation route, TCE is metabolized into chloral hydrate (CH) essentially by the action of CYP2E1 (Lipscomb et al., 1997; Nakajima et al., 1992). Subsequently, the chloral hydrate is transformed either by oxidation to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or by reduction to trichloroethanol (TCOH) which is a non-carcinogenic metabolite (Fig. 1).