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Anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

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Abstract

Objectives and design

Chlorogenic acid, which belongs to the polyphenols, is an anti-oxidant and anti-obesity agent. In this study, we investigated the role of chlorogenic acid in inflammation.

Materials and methods

Anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells. We observed the level of various inflammation markers such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) under LPS treatment with or without chlorogenic acid. To clarify the specific effect of chlorogenic acid, we evaluated the adhesion activity of macrophages and ninjurin1 (Ninj1) expression level in macrophages. Finally, we confirmed the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is one of the most important transcription factors in the inflammatory process.

Results

Chlorogenic acid significantly inhibited not only NO production but also the expression of COX-2 and iNOS, without any cytotoxicity. Chlorogenic acid also attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and TNF-α) and other inflammation-related markers such as IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, endotoxin-induced adhesion of macrophages and the expression level of ninjurin1 (Ninj1) were decreased by chlorogenic acid. Finally, chlorogenic acid inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

Conclusions

Chlorogenic acid may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) through the Global Research Laboratory Program (2011-0021874), the World Class University Program (R31-2008-000-10103-0), and the Global Core Research Center (GCRC) Program (2012-0001187).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyungnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea

    Su Jung Hwang, Yong-Wan Kim, Yohan Park & Hyo-Jong Lee

  2. SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea

    Kyu-Won Kim

  3. Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea

    Kyu-Won Kim

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  1. Su Jung Hwang
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  2. Yong-Wan Kim
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Correspondence to Hyo-Jong Lee or Kyu-Won Kim.

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Responsible Editor: Graham R. Wallace.

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Hwang, S.J., Kim, YW., Park, Y. et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells . Inflamm. Res. 63, 81–90 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-013-0674-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-013-0674-4

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