Drug | Baseline | Rest | Rest Paced | Exercise | Exercise Paced | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart rate (beats/min) | Saline | 111 ± 3 | 111 ± 3 | 125 ± 0 | 221 ± 5 | 249 ± 1 |
Ivabradine 0.25 mg/kg | 110 ± 7 | 104 ± 6 | 125 ± 0 | 183 ± 5* | 250 ± 1 | |
Ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg | 107 ± 5 | 93 ± 5* | 125 ± 0 | 175 ± 4* | 249 ± 0 | |
Ivabradine 1 mg/kg | 107 ± 4 | 88 ± 3* | 125 ± 0 | 150 ± 5* | 250 ± 1 | |
Left ventricular systolic pressure (mm Hg) | Saline | 136 ± 5 | 136 ± 5 | 135 ± 6 | 174 ± 10 | 169 ± 10 |
Ivabradine 0.25 mg/kg | 138 ± 8 | 143 ± 8 | 142 ± 8 | 183 ± 11 | 180 ± 11 | |
Ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg | 135 ± 9 | 134 ± 8 | 137 ± 10 | 173 ± 13 | 167 ± 14 | |
Ivabradine 1 mg/kg | 134 ± 7 | 137 ± 8 | 141 ± 10 | 178 ± 11 | 173 ± 12 | |
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | Saline | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 16 ± 3 | 9 ± 3 |
Ivabradine 0.25 mg/kg | 7 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 22 ± 2* | 11 ± 3 | |
Ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg | 8 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 24 ± 2* | 11 ± 2 | |
Ivabradine 1 mg/kg | 7 ± 1 | 13 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 27 ± 2* | 10 ± 2 | |
LV dP/dtmax (mm Hg/s) | Saline | 3516 ± 270 | 3516 ± 270 | 3502 ± 305 | 7164 ± 920 | 7395 ± 772 |
Ivabradine 0.25 mg/kg | 3626 ± 315 | 3691 ± 300 | 3761 ± 343 | 7278 ± 929 | 7909 ± 996 | |
Ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg | 3310 ± 294 | 3398 ± 338 | 3379 ± 348 | 6971 ± 911 | 7597 ± 1163 | |
Ivabradine 1 mg/kg | 3292 ± 219 | 3419 ± 302 | 3347 ± 287 | 6405 ± 682 | 7474 ± 1098 | |
Left ventricular end-diastolic wall stress (g/cm2) | Saline | 25 ± 2 | 26 ± 2 | 23 ± 3 | 64 ± 12 | 37 ± 8 |
Ivabradine 0.25 mg/kg | 24 ± 3 | 34 ± 5 | 25 ± 4 | 79 ± 16 | 42 ± 11 | |
Ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg | 29 ± 3 | 37 ± 3* | 21 ± 5 | 87 ± 14* | 40 ± 10 | |
Ivabradine 1 mg/kg | 26 ± 1 | 49 ± 8* | 26 ± 9 | 103 ± 15* | 40 ± 8 | |
Left ventricular mean ejection wall stress (g/cm2) | Saline | 350 ± 30 | 350 ± 30 | 352 ± 33 | 432 ± 43 | 420 ± 51 |
Ivabradine 0.25 mg/kg | 359 ± 34 | 374 ± 38 | 370 ± 32 | 442 ± 40 | 420 ± 36 | |
Ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg | 356 ± 34 | 370 ± 29 | 357 ± 32 | 448 ± 35 | 414 ± 31 | |
| Ivabradine 1 mg/kg | 357 ± 27 | 382 ± 37 | 387 ± 35 | 450 ± 35 | 403 ± 31 |
↵* p < 0.05 vs. saline; LV dP/dtmax, maximal value of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure over time