Table 1

Novel compounds from diverse chemical or pharmacological classes producing memory enhancement in human and nonhuman primates (representative list—last 5 years)^1-a

Drug Class	Compound	Mechanism	Subject/Model	Reference
Cholinergics
Enzyme inhibitors	Rivastigmine	AChEI	Human-AD	Rösler et al., 1999
	Galanthamine	AChEI	Human-AD	MacGowan et al., 1998
Nicotinic	Nicotine	nAChR agonist	Human-AD	White and Levin, 1999
	ABT-418	nAChR agonist	Human-AD	Potter et al., 1999
Muscarinic	Xanomeline	M1 mAChR agonist	Human-AD	Bodick et al., 1997
	AF102B	M1 mAChR agonist	Monkey (aged)	O'Neil et al., 1998
Serotonergics	Ondansetron	5HT₃antagonist	Monkey (aged)	Arnsten et al., 1997
	SEC-579	5HT₃ antagonist	Monkey (aged)	Arnsten et al., 1997
Noradrenergics	Guanfacine	α_2Aagonist	Monkey (aged)	Steere and Arnsten, 1997
	Clonidine	α_2A agonist	Human-AD	Riekkinen and Riekkinen, 1999
Dopaminergics	A77636	D₁agonist	Monkey (aged)	Cai and Arnsten, 1997
	SKF81297	D₁ agonist	Monkey (aged)	Cai and Arnsten, 1997
Aminoacidergics	d-Cycloserine	Glycine partial agonist	Human-AD	Schwartz et al., 1996
	Bioglycin	Orally active glycine	Human-adult	File et al., 1999
Peptidergic	Insulin	Hormone	Human-AD	Craft et al., 1999
	Octreotide	Somatostatin analog	Human-AD	Craft et al., 1999
Benzoquinones	Idebenone	Antioxidant	Human-AD	Weyer et al., 1997
Xanthines	Propentofylline	Stimulator of NGF	Human-AD	Marcusson et al., 1997
Herbal remedies	Ginko biloba	Antioxidant/neurotrophic	Human-AD	Oken et al., 1998

mAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; NGF, nerve growth factor.
↵1-a See Table 2 for listing of compounds studied in nonhuman primates at the Medical College of Georgia Animal Behavior Center.