MMR, NER, and glycosylase genes and functions
| MMR genes | ||
| E. coli | Human | Function |
| Mut S | hMSH2 | Recognition of mismatched base |
| hMSH3 | Forms heterodimer with hMSH2 | |
| hMSH6/GTBP/p160 | Forms heterodimer with hMSH2 | |
| Mut L | hMLH1 | Binds to MutS |
| hPMS1 | Forms heterodimer with hMLH1 | |
| hPMS2 | Forms heterodimer with hMLH1 | |
| Mut H | ? | Strand scission |
| Helicase II | ? | Unwinds the DNA |
| Exonuclease I | ? | Degrading nicked strand |
| DNA polymerase III | ? | Strand resynthesis |
| single-stranded binding proteins | ssb | Binds to single-stranded DNA |
| DNA ligase | ? | Restores DNA's phosphodiester backbone |
| NER genes | ||
| Human | Function | |
| XPA | Associates with RPA and preferentially binds to damaged DNA | |
| RPA | Associates with XPA and acts as a single- stranded binding protein | |
| XPE-BF | Stimulates UV damage-DNA binding | |
| XPC | Preferentially binds to damaged or single- stranded DNA and offers stabilization or protection of the pre-incision complex | |
| HHR23B | Possibly stabilizes XPC | |
| TFIIH complex | Helicase, involved in the formation of the pre-incision complex, associated with transcription coupled repair | |
| XPG | Cleavage of the DNA 3′ to the lesion | |
| ERCC1 | Cleavage of the DNA 5′ to the lesion and forms a tight complex with XPF | |
| XPF | Cleavage of the DNA 5′ to the lesion and forms a tight complex with ERCC1 | |
| PCNA | Associates with RFC to stimulate polymerase binding | |
| RFC | Associates with PCNA to stimulate polymerase activity | |
| DNA polymerase δ/ɛ | Incorporates complimentary nucleotide | |
| DNA ligase | Restores phosphodiester backbone in DNA | |
| Glycosylase genes | ||
| E. coli | Human | Function |
| UDG (uracil-DNA glycosylase) | UDG | Repairs uracil in DNA |
| TDG (thymine-DNA glycosylase) | TDG | Removes T from G:T mismatches |
| AlkA (alkylation A) | MPG | Removes 3-meA |
| Tag (three methyl adenine-DNA glycosylase) | ? | Removes 3-meA |
| Mut Y (mutator Y) | MYH | Removes A from 8-oxoG:A mismatches |
| Endonuclease III1-a | Nth | Removes thymine glycols |
| Fpg (formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase)1-a | Ogg1, type 1a | Removes 8-oxo G, and FaPy G/A Nuclear form |
| Ogg1, type 2 | Removes 8-oxo G, and FaPy G/A Mitochondrial form | |
| Ogg2 | Removes 8-oxo G opposite A |
↵1-a Class I AP endonucleases containing both glycosylase and lyase activity.