TABLE 1

Nose-to-brain formulations

Formulation	Active Pharmaceutical	Pharmacological Effects	References
Solutions	Insulin	Improved memory in AD patients	Craft et al., 2012
	Insulin	Increased cognition in pediatric patients with 22q13 deletion syndrome	Schmidt et al., 2009
	Insulin	Reduced nicotine craving in smokers	Hamidovic et al., 2017
	Oxytocin	Reduced the PTSD response in humans	Sack et al., 2017; van Zuiden et al., 2017
	Oxytocin	Improved ability to emotionally rate faces in patients with ASD	Quintana et al., 2017
Solid lipid nanoparticles	Valproic acid	Protects against seizures in a rat seizure model	Eskandari et al., 2011
Chitosan nanoparticles	Pramipexole	Corrected motor deficits in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease; an enhanced pharmacological response when compared with the drug in solution	Raj et al., 2018
Chitosan nanoparticles	Plasmid encoding for red fluorescent protein	Gene expression in the striatal region of mice brains	Sanchez-Ramos et al., 2018
MET nanoparticles	LENK	Antinociception in spinal, thermal, and paw inflammation pain mouse and rat models	Godfrey et al., 2018
MET nanoparticles	Propofol	Sedation in a healthy rat model	Uchegbu et al., 2014
PLGA nanoparticles	Oxcarbazepine	Reduced seizures in a rat seizure model	Musumeci et al., 2018
PLGA nanoparticles coated with trimethyl chitosan	Huperzine A	Increased brain exposure when compared with uncoated PLGA nanoparticles	Meng et al., 2018