TABLE 1

Toxicology tissue changes and NIR imaging probes

Toxicology/TissueBiologic Tissue ResponsePotential Imaging Probe
General markersInflammationMMPSense 680 and 750 FASTa
ProSense 680, 750EX, and 750 FAST
Neutrophil Elastase 680 FAST
Apoptosis/necrosisAnnexin-Vivo 750a
Vascular changesAngioSense 680EX and 750EXa
Liver specificMetabolismTransferrin-Vivo 750a
Kidney specificGlomerular filtrationGFR-Vivo 680a
Renin-angiotensin systemReninSense 680 FAST
Stomach specificGastric emptyingGastroSense 680a
Soft tissue calcificationCalcium depositionOsteoSense 680 and 750a
Cathepsin K activityCat K 680 FASTa
  • a Probes that are commercially available with some validation data for use in preclinical drug-induced tissue injury applications (Peterson, 2016).