Major BBB/NVU ultrastructural findings in midbrain of diabetic mice
| Pericytes |
| Reduced in number |
| Retracted |
| Astrocytes |
| Reduced in number |
| Retracted and have ruffled membranes |
| Neuropil |
| Often in direct contact with brain endothelial cells |
| Tight junctions |
| Decreased in number |
| Shortened |
| Less electron dense |
| Midbrain |
| Region where changes are found |
| Changes not observed in the cerebellum |
| Changes not found in diabetic mice treated with topiramate |
| Mitochondria |
| Increased numbers in astrocytes and axons in diabetic mice treated with topiramate. |