TY - JOUR T1 - Intracellular GSH Depletion Triggered Mitochondrial Bax Translocation to Accomplish Resveratrol-Induced Apoptosis in the U937 Cell Line JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther SP - 206 LP - 214 DO - 10.1124/jpet.110.171983 VL - 336 IS - 1 AU - Prasun Guha AU - Anindya Dey AU - Rupashree Sen AU - Mitali Chatterjee AU - Subrata Chattopadhyay AU - Sandip K. Bandyopadhyay Y1 - 2011/01/01 UR - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/336/1/206.abstract N2 - We have previously demonstrated that resveratrol (Resv)-induced cellular apoptosis occurs after formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but the role of GSH has not been well defined. Our experimental data enumerated that Resv treatment (50 μm) induced apoptosis in human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cells, which was preceded by cellular GSH efflux. High concentration of extracellular thiol (GSH, N-acetyl cysteine) and two specific inhibitors of carrier-mediated GSH extrusion, methionine or cystathionine, prevented the process of oxidative burst and cell death. This proved that GSH efflux could be a major molecular switch to modulate Resv-induced ROS generation. Spectrofluorometric data depicted that after 6 h of Resv treatment, ROS generation was evident. Pretreatment of cells with intracellular ROS scavenger (polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase and polyethylene glycol-catalase) efficiently reduced ROS generation but failed to prevent intracellular GSH depletion. Thus, it suggested that intracellular GSH depletion was independent of ROS production but dependent on GSH extrusion. Furthermore, to bridge the link between GSH efflux and ROS generation, we carried out confocal microscopy of the localization of Bax protein. Microscopic analysis and small interfering RNA treatment emphasized that cellular GSH efflux triggered Bax translocation to mitochondria, which resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS generation, and caspase 3 activation and thus triggered apoptosis. ER -