PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sprague, Jon E.
AU  - Banks, Matthew L.
AU  - Cook, Valerie J.
AU  - Mills, Edward M.
TI  - Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and Sympathetic Nervous System Involvement in Hyperthermia Induced by 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy)
AID  - 10.1124/jpet.102.044982
DP  - 2003 Apr 01
TA  - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
PG  - 159--166
VI  - 305
IP  - 1
4099  - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/305/1/159.short
4100  - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/305/1/159.full
SO  - J Pharmacol Exp Ther2003 Apr 01; 305
AB  - An acute and potentially life-threatening complication associated with the recreational use of the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) is hyperthermia. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats treated with MDMA (40 mg/kg s.c.) responded with a significant increase (maximal at 1 h) in rectal and skeletal muscle temperatures that lasted for at least 3 h post-treatment. Hypophysectomized (HYPO) and thyroparathyroidectomized (TX) animals treated with MDMA (40 mg/kg s.c.) did not become hyperthermic and in fact displayed a significant hypothermia. The HYPO and TX animals were also resistant to the serotonergic neurotoxic effects of MDMA assessed by serotonin measurements 4 to 7 days later in the striatum and hippocampus. MDMA (40 mg/kg s.c.) induced a significant increase in thyroxine levels 1 h post-treatment. Thyroid hormone replacement in TX animals returned the hyperthermic response seen after MDMA. Prazosin, an α1-antagonist (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), administered 30 min before MDMA significantly attenuated the MDMA-induced increase in rectal temperature, but had no effect on skeletal muscle temperature. Cyanopindolol, a β3-antagonist (4 mg/kg s.c.), administered 30 min before MDMA (40 mg/kg s.c.) significantly attenuated the increase in skeletal muscle temperature, but had no effect on the rise in rectal temperature. The combination of prazosin and cyanopindolol resulted in an abolishment of MDMA-induced hyperthermia. The mechanisms of thermogenesis induced by MDMA seem to result from an interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and the sympathetic nervous system, wherein mechanisms leading to core and skeletal muscle hyperthermia after MDMA exposure seem to be differentially regulated by α1- and β3-adrenergic receptors. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics