TY - JOUR T1 - Cholera Toxin Induces Prostaglandin Synthesis via Post-Transcriptional Activation of Cyclooxygenase-2 in the Rat Jejunum JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther SP - 940 LP - 945 VL - 297 IS - 3 AU - Eckhard Beubler AU - Rufina Schuligoi AU - Ashok K. Chopra AU - Deborah A. Ribardo AU - Bernhard A. Peskar Y1 - 2001/06/01 UR - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/940.abstract N2 - The mechanisms of diarrhea in Asiatic cholera have been studied extensively. Cyclic AMP, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandins, and the function of neuronal structures have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cholera. To elucidate the role of the different isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) of cyclooxygenase in cholera toxin (CT)-induced fluid secretion and intraluminal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in the rat jejunum in vivo, the effects of the COX-2 inhibitors NS-398 ([N-(2-cyclohexaloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide]) and DFU [5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone], and of the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560, were studied. Net fluid transport was measured gravimetrically and PGE2 by radioimmunoassay. COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and COX-2 protein by Western blot analysis in mucosal scrapings. CT caused profuse net fluid secretion in all control rats. The COX-2 inhibitors NS-398 and DFU, but not the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 or dexamethasone, dose-dependently inhibited CT-induced fluid secretion and PGE2 release. RT-PCR showed expression of COX-1 and of COX-2 mRNA in control rats. CT did not induce an increase and dexamethasone did not reduce COX-2 mRNA, whereas lipopolysaccharide caused a marked induction of COX-2 mRNA, which was inhibited by dexamethasone. A weak band of COX-2 protein was observed in controls; however, CT enhanced COX-2 levels, which remained unaffected by dexamethasone. It can be assumed that post-transcriptional modulation is responsible for CT-induced increase in COX-2 protein. COX-1 does not seem to be involved. Therefore, PGE2 produced by COX-2 seems to be responsible for the profuse fluid secretion induced by CT, and COX-2 appears to be a specific target for the treatment of Asiatic cholera. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ER -