RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Protein Kinase C Mediates Lipopolysaccharide- and Phorbol-Induced Nitric-Oxide Synthase Activity and Cellular Injury in the Rat Colon JF Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO J Pharmacol Exp Ther FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics SP 1249 OP 1257 VO 295 IS 3 A1 Barry L. Tepperman A1 Qing Chang A1 Brian D. Soper YR 2000 UL http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/295/3/1249.abstract AB The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and phorbol ester-induced changes in rat colonic cellular integrity and Ca2+-independent inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was investigated. LPS treatment (3 mg kg−1 i.p.) increased colonic cellular PKC activity within 1 h after administration. The percentage of nonviable cells and iNOS activity in response to LPS were reduced by pretreatment with the selective PKC antagonist GF 109203X (25 ng kg−1 i.v.). Pretreatment with the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W (5 mg kg−1 s.c.) reduced the extent of cellular injury and iNOS activity but did not affect the increase in LPS-mediated PKC activation. Reduction of circulating neutrophils with anti-neutrophil serum reduced cell damage as well as the increases in PKC and iNOS activities in response to LPS. Intracolonic administration of the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 3 mg kg−1) increased colonic cellular PKC activity within 2 h after instillation. Cellular iNOS activity did not increase until 6 h after PMA administration. The colonic responses to PMA were eliminated by GF 109203X. The selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W reduced the increase in cell injury but did not affect the PKC activation in response to PMA. LPS treatment also increased in the proteins for PKC-α, PKC-δ, PKC-ε, and PKC-ζ. PMA treatment resulted in PKC-δ and PKC-ε translocation from cytosol to membrane. These data suggest that PKC mediates iNOS activation and subsequent colonic cell injury in response to LPS administration. The δ- and ε-isozymes appear to be most closely associated with these responses. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics