Abstract
The localization of viral receptors to the basolateral surface of airway epithelia is an obstacle to the effectiveness of luminal viral-mediated gene transfer to the lung. The tight junction (TJ) serves as a rate-limiting barrier to the penetration of viral vectors. We have previously identified the sodium salt of the medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) capric acid (C10) as an agent that can enhance the ability of adenoviral vectors to transduce well differentiated (WD) primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cells. Previous studies have suggested that intracellular calcium (Cai2+) levels may play a central role in the long-term C10-mediated increases in junctional permeability. In this study, we investigated the effects of C10 and lauric acid (C12) on Cai2+ in WD primary HAE cells and determined whether these effects were necessary for the acute MCFA-induced reduction in transepithelial resistance (RT) and increased permeability. In addition, we characterized the effects of C10 and C12 on components localized to the TJ, including ZO-1, junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), and the claudin family of transmembrane proteins. In addition to rapidly decreasing RT, C10 and C12 increased cellular and paracellular permeability. C10 induced a rapid, sustained increase in Cai2+. However, buffering Cai2+ did not block the effects of C10 onRT. Both C10 and C12 caused reorganization of claudins-1, -4, JAM, and β-catenin, but not ZO-1. These data suggest that C10 and C12 exert their acute effects on airway TJs via a Ca2+-independent mechanism of action and may alter junctional permeability via direct effects on the claudin family of TJ proteins.
Footnotes
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This work was supported by Grants HL58342 and HL51818 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.047654
- Abbreviations:
- TJ
- tight junction
- MCFA
- medium chain fatty acid
- C10
- capric acid
- C12
- lauric acid
- Cai2+
- intracellular calcium
- PLC
- phospholipase C
- HAE
- human airway epithelial
- RT
- transepithelial resistance
- JAM
- junctional adhesion molecule
- BAPTA-AM
- 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid-acetomethyl ester
- Ad
- adenovirus
- PBS
- phosphate-buffered saline
- HBR
- HEPES-buffered Ringer
- TR
- Texas Red
- C8
- caprylic acid
- βgal
- β-galactosidase
- CAR
- coxsackie virus B and Ad2/5 receptor
- ER
- endoplasmic reticulum
- U73122
- 1-[6-[(17β)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5[10]-trien-17-yl)amino]hexyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
- 48/80
- condensation product ofN-methyl-p-methoxyphenylethylamine with formaldehyde
- W7
- 1-(5-chloronapthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride
- KN62
- (S)-5-isoquinolinesulfonic acid
- H7
- 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
- AM
- acetoxymethyl ester
- Received December 3, 2002.
- Accepted February 3, 2003.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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