Flow cytometry of mice spleen 7 days after disease induction. (A) Total lymphocytes; (B) CD3⁺CD4⁺ cells; (C) CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells; (D) CD3⁺CD4⁺CD28⁺; (E) CD3⁺CD8⁺CD28⁺; and (F) CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺. * indicates P < 0.05 when compared with control group and # when P < 0.05 when compared with vehicle. Data are expressed in dispersion with mean, and statistical difference was determined by ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post hoc. n = 5 for all groups

Intestines stained with H&E, (A) control, (B) vehicle, and (C) CBD; stars represent edema, the dashed circle represents intestinal crypt, and arrows point to mononuclear infiltrate. (D) Quantification of the histopathological score; the preservation of the intestine morphology is translated in (E) reduced bacteria translocation. Data are expressed in dispersion with mean, and statistical difference was determined by ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post hoc; n = 5 for all groups.

Flow cytometry and ELISA of mice small intestines 7 days after disease induction. (A) Total lymphocytes; (B) CD3⁺CD4⁺ cells n = 5/5/5; (C) CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells n = 5/5/5; (D) CD3⁺CD4⁺CD28⁺ n = 5/5/4; (E) CD3⁺CD8⁺CD28⁺ n = 5/5/4; (F) CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ n = 5/5/5 cells; (G) CCL2, (H) CCL3, (I) CCL5, (J) TNFα, (K) IFNγ, and (L) IL-10. Data are represented in dispersion graphs with mean; n = 5 for all groups, except when specified. * indicates P < 0.05 when compared with control group and # when P < 0.05 when compared with vehicle. Data are expressed in dispersion with mean, and statistical difference was determined by ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post hoc.

Liver analysis. H&E from groups (A) control, (B) vehicle, and (C) CBD; dark arrows represent mononuclear infiltrate. (D) Quantification of histopathological score; ELISA of (E) CCL2, (F) CCL3, (G) CCL5, (H) TNFα, (I) IFNγ, and (J) IL-10; flow cytometry displaying (K) total lymphocytes; (L) CD3⁺CD4⁺ cells; (M) CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells; (N) CD3⁺CD4⁺CD28⁺ cells; (O) CD3⁺CD8⁺CD28⁺ cells; and (P) CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ cells. * indicates P < 0.05 when compared with control group and # when P < 0.05 when compared with vehicle. Data are expressed in dispersion with mean, and statistical difference was determined by ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post hoc; n = 5 for all groups.

Flow cytometry of mice spleen and lymph nodes (LNs) 7 days after disease induction and P815GFP⁺ cells transplant. (A) Percentage of P815⁺ cells in lymph nodes. (B) Percentage of P815⁺ cells in spleen. Absolute number of P815⁺ cells are represented in dispersion graphs next to flow-cytometry shards; n = 5 for all groups.

Role of CB₂ in the protective effect of CBD. (A) CBD in the presence of CB₁ antagonist; (B) CBD in the presence of CB₂ antagonist; (C) treatment with CB₁ antagonist without CBD; (D) treatment with CB₂ antagonist without CBD. (E) CD4 and CB₂ mean integrated density, colocalization of CD4/CB₂, and representative figures of groups (CD4 FITC, CB₂ AlexaFluor 594, and DAPI); (F) CD8 and CB₂ mean integrated density, colocalization of CD8/CB₂, and representative figures of groups (CD8 PerCP, CB₂ AlexaFluor 488, and DAPI); (G) FoxP3 and CB₂ mean integrated density, colocalization of FoxP3/CB₂, and representative figures of groups (FoxP3, CB₂ AlexaFluor 488, and DAPI). Differences between groups were assessed with log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test for P < 0.05; n = 10/10/5/5 for survival and ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post hoc; n = 5 for all groups in immunofluorescence. ns, not significant.