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Research ArticleMinireview

Pine Bark Extracts: Nutraceutical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Evaluation

Ying-Ya Li, Jiao Feng, Xiao-Lu Zhang and Ying-Yu Cui
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 2015, 353 (1) 9-16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.220277
Ying-Ya Li
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jiao Feng
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xiao-Lu Zhang
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ying-Yu Cui
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 353 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 353, Issue 1
1 Apr 2015
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Research ArticleMinireview

Physiology and Toxicology of Pine Bark Extracts

Ying-Ya Li, Jiao Feng, Xiao-Lu Zhang and Ying-Yu Cui
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 2015, 353 (1) 9-16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.220277

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Research ArticleMinireview

Physiology and Toxicology of Pine Bark Extracts

Ying-Ya Li, Jiao Feng, Xiao-Lu Zhang and Ying-Yu Cui
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 2015, 353 (1) 9-16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.220277
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Production and Principal Components of PBEs
    • Pharmacokinetics of PBEs
    • Immunomodulatory Effects of PBEs
    • Organ Protective Effects of PBE
    • Toxicologic Effects
    • Human Exposure
    • Summary
    • Acknowledgments
    • Authorship Contributions
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