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Research ArticleMinireview

Pine Bark Extracts: Nutraceutical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Evaluation

Ying-Ya Li, Jiao Feng, Xiao-Lu Zhang and Ying-Yu Cui
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 2015, 353 (1) 9-16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.220277
Ying-Ya Li
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jiao Feng
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xiao-Lu Zhang
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ying-Yu Cui
Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Article Information

vol. 353 no. 1 9-16
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.220277
PubMed 
25597308

Published By 
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Print ISSN 
0022-3565
Online ISSN 
1521-0103
History 
  • Received October 10, 2014
  • Accepted January 14, 2015
  • Published online February 19, 2015.

Article Versions

  • Earlier version (January 16, 2015 - 11:18).
  • You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Author Information

  1. Ying-Ya Li,
  2. Jiao Feng,
  3. Xiao-Lu Zhang, and
  4. Ying-Yu Cui
  1. Department of Regenerative Medicine (Y.-Y.L., J.F., X.-L.Z., Y.-Y.C.), Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Y.-Y.C.), and Institute of Medical Genetics (Y.-Y.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  1. Address correspondence to:
    Ying-Yu Cui, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. E-mail: yycui{at}tongji.edu.cn
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 353 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 353, Issue 1
1 Apr 2015
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Research ArticleMinireview

Physiology and Toxicology of Pine Bark Extracts

Ying-Ya Li, Jiao Feng, Xiao-Lu Zhang and Ying-Yu Cui
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 2015, 353 (1) 9-16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.220277

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Research ArticleMinireview

Physiology and Toxicology of Pine Bark Extracts

Ying-Ya Li, Jiao Feng, Xiao-Lu Zhang and Ying-Yu Cui
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 2015, 353 (1) 9-16; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.220277
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Production and Principal Components of PBEs
    • Pharmacokinetics of PBEs
    • Immunomodulatory Effects of PBEs
    • Organ Protective Effects of PBE
    • Toxicologic Effects
    • Human Exposure
    • Summary
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