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Research ArticleBehavioral Pharmacology

Bryostatin-1 Restores Hippocampal Synapses and Spatial Learning and Memory in Adult Fragile X Mice

Miao-Kun Sun, Jarin Hongpaisan, Chol Seung Lim and Daniel L. Alkon
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 2014, 349 (3) 393-401; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.214098
Miao-Kun Sun
Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Jarin Hongpaisan
Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Chol Seung Lim
Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Daniel L. Alkon
Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Abstract

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by transcriptional silencing in neurons of the FMR1 gene product, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a repressor of dendritic mRNA translation. The lack of FMRP leads to dysregulation of synaptically driven protein synthesis and impairments of intellect, cognition, and behavior, a disorder that currently has no effective therapeutics. Fragile X mice were treated with chronic bryostatin-1, a relatively selective protein kinase ε activator with pharmacological profiles of rapid mGluR desensitization, synaptogenesis, and synaptic maturation/repairing. Differences in the major FXS phenotypes, synapses, and cognitive functions were evaluated and compared among the age-matched groups. Long-term treatment with bryostatin-1 rescues adult fragile X mice from the disorder phenotypes, including normalization of most FXS abnormalities in hippocampal brain–derived neurotrophic factor expression and secretion, postsynaptic density–95 levels, glycogen synthase kinase–3β phosphorylation, transformation of immature dendritic spines to mature synapses, densities of the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, and spatial learning and memory. Our results show that synaptic and cognitive function of adult FXS mice can be normalized through pharmacologic treatment and that bryostatin-1-like agents may represent a novel class of drugs to treat fragile X mental retardation even after postpartum brain development has largely completed.

Footnotes

    • Received February 21, 2014.
    • Accepted March 20, 2014.
  • The authors claim no conflict of interest.

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.214098.

  • Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 349 (3)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 349, Issue 3
1 Jun 2014
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Research ArticleBehavioral Pharmacology

Bryostatin Rescues Synapses and Memory in Adult Fragile X Mice

Miao-Kun Sun, Jarin Hongpaisan, Chol Seung Lim and Daniel L. Alkon
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 1, 2014, 349 (3) 393-401; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.214098

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Research ArticleBehavioral Pharmacology

Bryostatin Rescues Synapses and Memory in Adult Fragile X Mice

Miao-Kun Sun, Jarin Hongpaisan, Chol Seung Lim and Daniel L. Alkon
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 1, 2014, 349 (3) 393-401; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.214098
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