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Research ArticlePerspectives in Pharmacology

Nucleotides in the Eye: Focus on Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Perspectives

Ana Guzman-Aranguez, Concepcion Santano, Alba Martin-Gil, Begoña Fonseca and Jesús Pintor
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 2013, 345 (3) 331-341; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.112.202473
Ana Guzman-Aranguez
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Concepcion Santano
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Alba Martin-Gil
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Begoña Fonseca
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Jesús Pintor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

The presence and activity of nucleotides and dinucleotides in the physiology of most, if not all, organisms, from bacteria to humans, have been recognized by the scientific community, and the eye is no exception. Nucleotides in the dynamic fluids interact with many ocular structures, such as the tears and aqueous humor. Moreover, high concentrations of nucleotides in these secretions may reflect disease states such as dry eye and glaucoma. Apart from the nucleotide concentration in these fluids, P2 purinergic receptors have been described on the ocular surface (cornea and conjunctiva), anterior pole (ciliary body, trabecular meshwork), and posterior pole (retina). P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors are essential in maintaining the homeostasis of ocular processes, such as tear secretion, aqueous humor production, or retinal modulation. When they are functioning properly, they allow the eye to do its job (to see), but in some cases, a lack or an excess of nucleotides or a malfunction in the corresponding purinergic receptors leads to disease. This Perspective is focused on the nucleotides and dinucleotides and the P2 purinergic receptors in the eye and how they contribute to normal and disease states. We also emphasize the action of nucleotides and their receptors and antagonists as potential therapeutic agents.

Footnotes

    • Received December 5, 2012.
    • Accepted March 14, 2013.
  • A.G. and C.S. contributed equally to this work.

  • This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competition [SAF2010-16024]; the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality RETICS [RD07/0062/0004]; and the Universidad Complutense de Madrid [GR35/10-A-920777].

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.112.202473.

  • Copyright © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 345 (3)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 345, Issue 3
1 Jun 2013
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Research ArticlePerspectives in Pharmacology

Function and Therapeutic Potential of Nucleotides in Eye

Ana Guzman-Aranguez, Concepcion Santano, Alba Martin-Gil, Begoña Fonseca and Jesús Pintor
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 1, 2013, 345 (3) 331-341; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.112.202473

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Research ArticlePerspectives in Pharmacology

Function and Therapeutic Potential of Nucleotides in Eye

Ana Guzman-Aranguez, Concepcion Santano, Alba Martin-Gil, Begoña Fonseca and Jesús Pintor
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics June 1, 2013, 345 (3) 331-341; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.112.202473
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