Abstract
The prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor type 2 (DP2) is a G protein-coupled receptor that has been shown to be involved in a variety of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we describe the preclinical pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of the small-molecule DP2 antagonist [2′-(3-benzyl-1-ethyl-ureidomethyl)-6-methoxy-4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-acetic acid (AM211). We determine that AM211 has high affinity for human, mouse, rat, and guinea pig DP2 and it shows selectivity over other prostanoid receptors and enzymes. Antagonist activity of AM211 at the DP2 receptor was confirmed by inhibition of PGD2-stimulated guanosine 5′-O-[γ-thio]triphosphate binding to membranes expressing human DP2. A basophil activation assay and a whole-blood assay of eosinophil shape change were used to demonstrate the ability of AM211 to potently antagonize PGD2-stimulated functional responses in relevant human cells and in the context of a physiologically relevant environment. AM211 exhibits good oral bioavailability in rats and dogs and dose-dependently inhibits 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD2-induced leukocytosis in a guinea pig pharmacodynamic assay. AM211 demonstrates efficacy in two animal models of allergic inflammation, including an ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation model in guinea pigs and an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of allergic rhinitis. AM211 represents a potent and selective antagonist of DP2 that may be used clinically to evaluate the role of DP2 in T helper 2-driven allergic inflammatory diseases.
Footnotes
This work was supported by Amira Pharmaceuticals.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.
doi:10.1124/jpet.111.180430.
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ABBREVIATIONS:
- PGD2
- prostaglandin D2
- DP2
- PGD2 receptor type 2
- DP1
- PGD2 receptor type 1
- DK-PGD2
- 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD2
- AM211
- [2′-(3-benzyl-1-ethyl-ureidomethyl)-6-methoxy-4′-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-acetic acid
- Th2
- T helper 2
- COPD
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- BALF
- bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- TP
- thromboxane A2 receptor
- IP
- prostacyclin receptor
- FP
- prostaglandin F2α receptor
- PBS
- phosphate-buffered saline
- ESC
- eosinophil shape change
- PK
- pharmacokinetic
- PD
- pharmacodynamic
- GTPγS
- guanosine 5′-O-[γ-thio]triphosphate
- COX
- cyclooxygenase
- OVA
- ovalbumin
- DMSO
- dimethylsulfoxide
- ANOVA
- analysis of variance
- CHO
- Chinese hamster ovary
- HEK
- human embryonic kidney
- AUC
- area under the curve
- IL
- interleukin
- Veh
- vehicle
- TB
- total binding
- PPAR
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- FSC
- forward light scatter
- SSC
- side scatter
- FACS
- fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- BAY u3405
- (+)-(3R)-3-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonamido)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydrocarbazole-9-propionic acid
- BW A868C
- 3-[(2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2,5-dioxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-4-imidazolidineheptanoic acid
- SQ 29,548
- [1S-[1α,2α(Z),3α,4α]]-7-[3-[[2-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]hydrazino]methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid
- GW7647
- 2-methyl-2-[[4-[2-[[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl](4-cyclohexylbutyl)amino]ethyl]phenyl]thio]-2-methylpropanoic acid
- GW0742
- [4-[[[2-[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-methylphenoxy] acetic acid
- MK-7246
- {(7R)-7-[[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl](methyl)amino]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-α]indol-10-yl}acetic acid.
- Received February 10, 2011.
- Accepted April 8, 2011.
- Copyright © 2011 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Pharmacology of AM211, a Potent and Selective Prostaglandin D2 Receptor Type 2 Antagonist That Is Active in Animal Models of Allergic Inflammation
