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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Research ArticleCellular and Molecular

Intracellular GSH Depletion Triggered Mitochondrial Bax Translocation to Accomplish Resveratrol-Induced Apoptosis in the U937 Cell Line

Prasun Guha, Anindya Dey, Rupashree Sen, Mitali Chatterjee, Subrata Chattopadhyay and Sandip K. Bandyopadhyay
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 2011, 336 (1) 206-214; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.110.171983
Prasun Guha
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Anindya Dey
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Rupashree Sen
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Mitali Chatterjee
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Subrata Chattopadhyay
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Sandip K. Bandyopadhyay
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Abstract

We have previously demonstrated that resveratrol (Resv)-induced cellular apoptosis occurs after formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but the role of GSH has not been well defined. Our experimental data enumerated that Resv treatment (50 μm) induced apoptosis in human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cells, which was preceded by cellular GSH efflux. High concentration of extracellular thiol (GSH, N-acetyl cysteine) and two specific inhibitors of carrier-mediated GSH extrusion, methionine or cystathionine, prevented the process of oxidative burst and cell death. This proved that GSH efflux could be a major molecular switch to modulate Resv-induced ROS generation. Spectrofluorometric data depicted that after 6 h of Resv treatment, ROS generation was evident. Pretreatment of cells with intracellular ROS scavenger (polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase and polyethylene glycol-catalase) efficiently reduced ROS generation but failed to prevent intracellular GSH depletion. Thus, it suggested that intracellular GSH depletion was independent of ROS production but dependent on GSH extrusion. Furthermore, to bridge the link between GSH efflux and ROS generation, we carried out confocal microscopy of the localization of Bax protein. Microscopic analysis and small interfering RNA treatment emphasized that cellular GSH efflux triggered Bax translocation to mitochondria, which resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS generation, and caspase 3 activation and thus triggered apoptosis.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by Life Science Research Board, Defense Research and Development Organisation, Government of India (to A.D.); and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (to P.G.).

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.

    doi:10.1124/jpet.110.171983.

  • ↵Embedded Image The online version of this article (available at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org) contains supplemental material.

  • ABBREVIATIONS:

    GSSG
    oxidized glutathione
    Resv
    resveratrol
    ROS
    reactive oxygen species
    COX
    cyclooxygenase
    FBS
    fetal bovine serum
    PCR
    polymerase chain reaction
    PI
    propidium iodide
    TUNEL
    terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling
    ΔΨm
    mitochondrial membrane potential
    JC-1
    5,5′6,6′-tetracholoro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide
    PBS
    phosphate-buffered saline
    CM-H2DCFDA
    5-chloromethyl-2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester
    FACS
    fluorescence-activated cell sorting
    PEG
    polyethylene glycol
    SOD
    superoxide dismutase
    NAC
    N-acetyl cysteine
    BSO
    buthionine sulfoximine
    Cat
    catalase
    siRNA
    small interfering RNA
    DMTU
    dimethylthiourea
    l-NAME
    Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester.

  • Received June 24, 2010.
  • Accepted September 22, 2010.
  • Copyright © 2011 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 384 (2)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 384, Issue 2
1 Feb 2023
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Research ArticleCellular and Molecular

Intracellular GSH Depletion Triggered Mitochondrial Bax Translocation to Accomplish Resveratrol-Induced Apoptosis in the U937 Cell Line

Prasun Guha, Anindya Dey, Rupashree Sen, Mitali Chatterjee, Subrata Chattopadhyay and Sandip K. Bandyopadhyay
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 2011, 336 (1) 206-214; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.110.171983

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Research ArticleCellular and Molecular

Intracellular GSH Depletion Triggered Mitochondrial Bax Translocation to Accomplish Resveratrol-Induced Apoptosis in the U937 Cell Line

Prasun Guha, Anindya Dey, Rupashree Sen, Mitali Chatterjee, Subrata Chattopadhyay and Sandip K. Bandyopadhyay
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 2011, 336 (1) 206-214; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.110.171983
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