Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the cases of death caused by cancer will have been doubled until the year 2030. By 2010, cancer is expected to be the number one cause of death. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel approaches for the treatment of cancer. Over past years, the antitumorigenic effects of cannabinoids have emerged as an exciting field in cancer research. Apart from their proapoptotic and antiproliferative action, recent research has shown that cannabinoids may likewise affect tumor cell angiogenesis, migration, invasion, adhesion, and metastasization. This review will summarize the data concerning the influence of cannabinoids on these locomotive processes beyond modulation of cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation. The findings discussed here provide a new perspective on the antitumorigenic potential of cannabinoids.
Footnotes
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.
doi:10.1124/jpet.109.157735
-
ABBREVIATIONS:
- Akt
- protein kinase B
- AEA
- anandamide
- Ang-1/2
- angiopoietin 1/2
- 2-AG
- 2-arachidonylglycerol
- CBD
- cannabidiol
- CB1
- cannabinoid receptor 1
- CB2
- cannabinoid receptor 2
- ECM
- extracellular matrix
- EGF
- epidermal growth factor
- EGFR
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- DEA
- docosatetraenylethanolamide
- ERK 1/2
- extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2
- FAK
- focal adhesion kinase
- FRNK
- FAK-related nonkinase
- HIF-1α
- hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
- HUVEC
- human umbilical vascular endothelial cells
- Id-1/3
- inhibitor of differentiation 1/3
- IgSF CAMs
- cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily
- IL-1
- interleukin-1
- MMP
- matrix metalloproteinase
- MMP-2/9
- matrix metalloproteinase 2/9
- MA
- methanandamide
- Met-F-AEA
- met-fluoro-anandamide
- NSCLC
- non–small cell lung cancer
- PlGF
- placental growth factor
- RHOA
- Ras homolog gene family member A
- RHOA-ROCK
- RhoA/Rho-associated coiled coil-containing kinase
- ROS
- reactive oxygen species
- Src
- proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinase
- THC
- Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
- Tie-1
- tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1
- TIMP-1
- tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1
- TRPV1
- transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
- VEGF
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR
- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
- Received July 15, 2009.
- Accepted November 2, 2009.
- Copyright © 2010 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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