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Research ArticlePERSPECTIVES IN PHARMACOLOGY

Altered Uric Acid Levels and Disease States

Melinda K. Kutzing and Bonnie L. Firestein
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 2008, 324 (1) 1-7; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.107.129031
Melinda K. Kutzing
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Bonnie L. Firestein
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Abstract

Altered serum uric acid concentrations, both above and below normal levels, have been linked to a number of disease states. An abnormally high uric acid level has been correlated with gout, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease, whereas a reduced uric acid concentration has been linked to multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and optic neuritis. Historically, uric acid has been considered a marker of these disease states. Recent studies, however, have provided evidence that uric acid may actually play a role in the development or progression of such diseases. As a result, the manipulation of uric acid concentrations is now either included in, or being investigated for, the treatment of a variety of disease states.

Footnotes

  • This work was funded as part of paid consulting work for Savient Pharmaceuticals (East Brunswick, NJ) (to B.L.F.).

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.

  • doi:10.1124/jpet.107.129031.

  • ABBREVIATIONS: UA, uric acid; MS, multiple sclerosis; EAE, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, NO synthase; PD, Parkinson's disease; AD, Alzheimer's disease; URAT1, urate transporter 1; RAS, renin angiotensin system; MRP4, multidrug resistance protein 4; OAT, organic ion transporter; BBB, blood-brain barrier.

    • Received July 23, 2007.
    • Accepted September 20, 2007.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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In this issue

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 384 (2)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 384, Issue 2
1 Feb 2023
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Research ArticlePERSPECTIVES IN PHARMACOLOGY

Altered Uric Acid Levels and Disease States

Melinda K. Kutzing and Bonnie L. Firestein
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 2008, 324 (1) 1-7; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.107.129031

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Research ArticlePERSPECTIVES IN PHARMACOLOGY

Altered Uric Acid Levels and Disease States

Melinda K. Kutzing and Bonnie L. Firestein
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 2008, 324 (1) 1-7; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.107.129031
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Uric Acid Balance
    • Elevated Uric Acid Levels
    • Hyperuricemia, Gout, and Kidney Disease
    • Hyperuricemia and Hypertension
    • Hyperuricemia and Cardiovascular Disease
    • Elevated Serum Uric Acid Concentration: Cause or Consequence of Disease?
    • Methods for Reducing Serum Uric Acid Levels
    • Reduced Uric Acid Levels
    • The Role of Peroxynitrite in Inflammation
    • Peroxynitrite and Disease
    • Uric Acid and Neuroprotection
    • Reduced Serum Uric Acid Concentration and Disease
    • Reduced Serum Uric Acid Concentration: Cause or Consequence of Disease?
    • Conclusions
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