Abstract
Although Oatp1a1 (rat organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a1) was the transporter found responsible for the hepatocellular entry of enalapril (EN) into the rat liver, the canalicular transporter involved for excretion of EN and the metabolite, enalaprilat (ENA), was unknown. The Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rat (EHBR) that lacks Mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) was used to appraise the role of Mrp2 in the excretion of [3H]EN and its metabolite [3H]ENA in single-pass rat liver preparations. Although the total and metabolic clearances and hepatic extraction ratios at steady-state were virtually unaltered for EN in EHBR compared with published values of Sprague-Dawley rats, the biliary clearances of EN and ENA were significantly reduced almost to zero (P < 0.05). Involvement of human OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and MRP2 in EN transport was further assessed in single- or double-transfected mammalian cells. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells that expressed OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 showed that OATP1B3 transport of EN (20-500 μM) was of low affinity, whereas transport of EN by OATP1B1 was associated with the Km of 262 ± 35 μM, a value similar to that for Oatp1a1 (214 μM). The transcellular transport of EN via human OATP1B1 and MRP2, investigated with the double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells in the Transwell system, showed that the sinusoidal to canalicular flux of EN in the OATP1B1/MRP2/MDCK cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of mock/MDCK and OATP1B1/MDCK cells. EN was transported by Oatp1a1 and Mrp2 in rats and OATP1B1/OATP1B3 and MRP2 in humans.
Footnotes
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This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research MOP64350 (to K.S.P.) and partially presented as an abstract (W4284) at the AAPS Annual Meeting; 2002 November 10-14; Toronto, ON, Canada. Enalapril and enalaprilat are substrates of Mrp2 and human OATP2 and OATP8: amelioration of biliary excretion in EHBR perfused livers. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Arlington, VA.
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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.
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doi:10.1124/jpet.106.103390.
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ABBREVIATIONS: Oatp and OATP, rat and human organic anion-transporting polypeptide, respectively; Mrp2 and MRP2, rat and human multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, respectively; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; EHBR, Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rat; TLC, thin-layer chromatography; CLliver,tot, total hepatic clearance; CLliver,ex, biliary clearance; CLliver,met, hepatic metabolic clearance; HEK 293, human embryonic kidney 293; MDCK II, Madin-Darby canine kidney II; E217G, estradiol-17β-d-glucuronide; BCRP or Bcrp, breast cancer resistance protein; MDR or Mdr, multidrug resistance protein; SDR, Sprague-Dawley rats.
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↵1 Recipient of the Ontario Graduate Scholarship and University of Toronto Open Fellowship.
- Received February 22, 2006.
- Accepted April 19, 2006.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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