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Research ArticleENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE

Bremazocine Increases C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Aqueous Humor and Enhances Outflow Facility

David E. Potter, Karen R. M. Russell and Marlina Manhiani
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics May 2004, 309 (2) 548-553; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.063107
David E. Potter
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Karen R. M. Russell
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Marlina Manhiani
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Abstract

A relatively selective agonist of κ opioid receptors (KOR), bremazocine (BRE), lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits, in part, by increasing natriuretic peptide levels in aqueous humor and by enhancing total outflow facility (TOF). Natriuretic peptide (NP) levels [atrial NP (ANP), brain NP (BNP), and C-type NP (CNP)] were measured in aqueous humor of rabbits either by radioimmunoassay or enzyme immunoassay. TOF was determined in rabbits by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber. Experimental regimens included topical treatment with BRE in the presence or absence of KOR antagonist (norbinaltorphimine), protein kinase C inhibitor (chelerythrine), and natriuretic peptide receptor antagonist (isatin). The rank order of basal NP levels in aqueous humor of rabbits was BNP Embedded Image CNP > ANP. Topical administration of BRE (1–100 μg) caused dose-related elevations of CNP levels in aqueous humor that were inhibited by topical pretreatment with either norbinaltorphimine (100 μg, bilaterally) or chelerythrine (10 μg, bilaterally). Topically administered BRE (100 μg) also elevated levels of ANP and BNP in aqueous humor and evoked an 80% increase in TOF. The increase in TOF was antagonized by topical pretreatment with either norbinaltorphimine (100 μg, bilaterally) or isatin (100 μg, bilaterally). Bremazocine induced an increase in NP (ANP, BNP, and CNP) levels and TOF in rabbits by activating KOR. The increase in CNP levels elicited by BRE was inhibited by norbinaltorphimine and chelerythrine; therefore, this event is most likely mediated by a KOR-linked activation of protein kinase C. These data provide evidence that the increase in TOF elicited by BRE was mediated by a KOR-activated paracrine effect of NPs on tissues within ocular outflow tract(s).

Footnotes

  • This project was supported in part by grants from the National Eye Institute (EY11977, EY12807, and EY014793) and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, NY.

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.

  • DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.063107.

  • ABBREVIATIONS: NP, natriuretic peptide; ANP, atrial NP; BNP, brain NP; CNP, C-type NP; IOP, intraocular pressure; KOR, κ opioid receptor; PKC, protein kinase C; BRE, bremazocine; NZW, New Zealand White; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; RIA, radioimmunoassay; norBNI, norbinaltorphimine.

    • Received November 19, 2003.
    • Accepted January 22, 2004.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 309 (2)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 309, Issue 2
1 May 2004
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Research ArticleENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE

Bremazocine Increases C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Aqueous Humor and Enhances Outflow Facility

David E. Potter, Karen R. M. Russell and Marlina Manhiani
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics May 1, 2004, 309 (2) 548-553; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.063107

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Research ArticleENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE

Bremazocine Increases C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Aqueous Humor and Enhances Outflow Facility

David E. Potter, Karen R. M. Russell and Marlina Manhiani
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics May 1, 2004, 309 (2) 548-553; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.063107
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