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Research ArticleTOXICOLOGY

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Due to Altered Cellular Redox Status Positively Regulates Murine Hepatic CYP2A5 Expression

W. James Gilmore and Gordon M. Kirby
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics February 2004, 308 (2) 600-608; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.060111
W. James Gilmore
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Gordon M. Kirby
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Abstract

Murine hepatic cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5) is uniquely induced by a variety of agents that cause liver injury and inflammation, conditions that are typically associated with downregulation of P450s. We hypothesized that induction of CYP2A5 occurs in response to hepatocellular damage resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Treatment of mice in vivo and mouse hepatocytes in primary culture with the CYP2A5 inducer pyrazole resulted in overexpression of the ER stress biomarker glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78. Treatment of primary hepatocytes with ER stress activators thapsigargin, tunicamycin, and trans-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane (DTTox) and the calcium ionophore A23187 (calcimycin) resulted in elevated GRP78 mRNA levels; however, only the reducing agent DTTox induced levels of CYP2A5 mRNA, protein, and coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. To test the hypothesis that CYP2A5 induction is due to liver injury resulting from altered cellular redox status, we demonstrated that CYP2A5 induction, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, and oxidative protein damage occur concurrently in pyrazole-treated mice. Pyrazole also induced the expression of cytosolic α and μ class glutathione S-transferase expression both in vivo and in primary mouse hepatocytes. Moreover, treatment of hepatocytes with the redox cycling quinone menadione resulted in overexpression of CYP2A5 and GSTM1 mRNA. Finally, pretreatment of hepatocytes with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E attenuated pyrazole-mediated increases in CYP2A5 mRNA levels. These findings clearly indicate that induction of mouse hepatic CYP2A5 during liver injury occurs via a novel mechanism involving ER stress due to altered cellular redox status.

Footnotes

  • This research was supported by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

  • DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.060111.

  • ABBREVIATIONS: P450, cytochrome P450; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GRP, glucose-regulated protein; DTTox, trans-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane; A23187, calcimycin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; DCNB, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene; T-TBS, Tween-Tris-buffered saline; COH, coumarin 7-hydroxylase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; HBV, hepatitis B virus; UTR, untranslated region.

    • Received September 18, 2003.
    • Accepted November 5, 2003.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 308 (2)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 308, Issue 2
1 Feb 2004
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Research ArticleTOXICOLOGY

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Due to Altered Cellular Redox Status Positively Regulates Murine Hepatic CYP2A5 Expression

W. James Gilmore and Gordon M. Kirby
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics February 1, 2004, 308 (2) 600-608; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.060111

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Research ArticleTOXICOLOGY

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Due to Altered Cellular Redox Status Positively Regulates Murine Hepatic CYP2A5 Expression

W. James Gilmore and Gordon M. Kirby
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics February 1, 2004, 308 (2) 600-608; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.060111
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