Activation of G-Proteins by Morphine and Codeine Congeners: Insights to the Relevance of O- and N-Demethylated Metabolites at μ- and δ-Opioid Receptors

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies (C.M.T., H.W., E.L.M., D.E.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia; and Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (E.G., K.C.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Address correspondence to:
Dr. Dana E. Selley, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Box 980524, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0524. E-mail: deselley{at}hsc.vcu.edu

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