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Research ArticleNEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Correlation between Anticonvulsant Activity and Inhibitory Action on Glial γ-Aminobutyric Acid Uptake of the Highly Selective Mouse γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 Inhibitor 3-Hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole and ItsN-Alkylated Analogs

H. Steve White, Alan Sarup, Tina Bolvig, Anders S. Kristensen, Gitte Petersen, Nathan Nelson, Darryl S. Pickering, Orla M. Larsson, Bente Frølund, Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen and Arne Schousboe
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics August 2002, 302 (2) 636-644; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.034819
H. Steve White
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Alan Sarup
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Tina Bolvig
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Anders S. Kristensen
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Gitte Petersen
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Nathan Nelson
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Darryl S. Pickering
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Orla M. Larsson
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Bente Frølund
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Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen
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Arne Schousboe
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Abstract

The inhibitory effect of 3-hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole (exo-THPO) and its N-methylated (N-methyl-exo-THPO) andN-ethylated (N-ethyl-exo-THPO) analogs, derived from γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol (THPO) on GABA transport was investigated using cultured neocortical neurons (GABA-ergic) and astrocytes and cloned mouse GABA transporters GAT1–4 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Anticonvulsant activity was assessed after i.c.v. administration to Frings audiogenic seizure-susceptible mice. Anticonvulsant activity of theO-pivaloyloxymethyl prodrug ofN-methyl-exo-THPO was assessed after i.p. administration. Results from these studies were compared with those obtained from similar studies with the novel anticonvulsant drug tiagabine, which acts via inhibition of GABA transport.exo-THPO and its N-alkyl analogs inhibited neuronal, astrocytic, and GAT1-mediated GABA transport but not GABA uptake mediated by GAT2–4.N-Methyl-exo-THPO was 8-fold more potent as an inhibitor of astrocytic versus neuronal GABA uptake. The IC50 value for inhibition of GABA uptake by GAT1 closely reflected its IC50 value for inhibition of neuronal uptake. Tiagabine was approximately 1000-fold more potent thanexo-THPO and its alkyl derivatives as an inhibitor of GABA uptake in cultured neural cells and GAT1-expressing HEK 293 cells.exo-THPO, its alkylated analogs, and tiagabine displayed a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of audiogenic seizures after i.c.v. administration. N-Methyl-exo-THPO was the most potent anticonvulsant among the exo-THPO compounds tested and only slightly less potent than tiagabine. The findings suggest a correlation between anticonvulsant efficacy and selective inhibition of astroglial GABA uptake. Furthermore, results obtained with the N-methyl-exo-THPO prodrug demonstrate the feasibility of developing a glial-selective GABA uptake inhibitor with systemic bioavailability.

Footnotes

  • This study was supported by the Danish State Medical Research Council (20-00-1011), the Lundbeck Foundation, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NO1-NS-9-2313), and from the United States-Israel Binational Scientific Foundation.

  • DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.034819

  • Abbreviations:
    CNS
    central nervous system
    GABA
    γ-aminobutyric acid
    exo-THPO
    3-hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole
    AGS
    audiogenic seizures
    dBcAMP
    dibutyryl-cyclic AMP
    HEK
    human embryonic kidney
    GAT
    γ-aminobutyric acid transporter
    N-methyl-exo-THPO
    3-hydroxy-4-(methylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole
    N-ethyl-exo-THPO
    3-hydroxy-4-(ethylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole
    BBB
    blood-brain barrier
    THPO
    4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol
    • Received February 18, 2002.
    • Accepted April 9, 2002.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 302 (2)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 302, Issue 2
1 Aug 2002
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Correlation between Anticonvulsant Activity and Inhibitory Action on Glial γ-Aminobutyric Acid Uptake of the Highly Selective Mouse γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 Inhibitor 3-Hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole and ItsN-Alkylated Anal…
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Research ArticleNEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Correlation between Anticonvulsant Activity and Inhibitory Action on Glial γ-Aminobutyric Acid Uptake of the Highly Selective Mouse γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 Inhibitor 3-Hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole and ItsN-Alkylated Analogs

H. Steve White, Alan Sarup, Tina Bolvig, Anders S. Kristensen, Gitte Petersen, Nathan Nelson, Darryl S. Pickering, Orla M. Larsson, Bente Frølund, Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen and Arne Schousboe
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics August 1, 2002, 302 (2) 636-644; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.034819

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Research ArticleNEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Correlation between Anticonvulsant Activity and Inhibitory Action on Glial γ-Aminobutyric Acid Uptake of the Highly Selective Mouse γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 Inhibitor 3-Hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2-benzisoxazole and ItsN-Alkylated Analogs

H. Steve White, Alan Sarup, Tina Bolvig, Anders S. Kristensen, Gitte Petersen, Nathan Nelson, Darryl S. Pickering, Orla M. Larsson, Bente Frølund, Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen and Arne Schousboe
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics August 1, 2002, 302 (2) 636-644; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.034819
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