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Research ArticleGASTROINTESTINAL, HEPATIC, PULMONARY, AND RENAL

Elucidation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Pharmacophore for VPAC1 Receptors in Human, Rat, and Guinea Pig

Hisato Igarashi, Tetsuhide Ito, Wei Hou, Samuel A. Mantey, Tapas K. Pradhan, Charles D. Ulrich II, Simon J. Hocart, David H. Coy and Robert T. Jensen
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 2002, 301 (1) 37-50; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.301.1.37
Hisato Igarashi
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Tetsuhide Ito
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Wei Hou
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Samuel A. Mantey
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Tapas K. Pradhan
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Charles D. Ulrich II
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Simon J. Hocart
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David H. Coy
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Robert T. Jensen
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Abstract

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neurotransmitter involved in a number of pathological and physiological processes. VIP is rapidly degraded and simplified stable analogs are needed. VIP's action was extensively studied in rat and guinea pig. However, it is largely unknown whether its pharmacophore in these species resembles human. To address this issue we investigated the VIP pharmacophore for VPAC1 (the predominant receptor subtype in cancers and widely distributed in normal tissues) by using alanine andd-amino acid scanning. Interaction with rat, guinea pig, and human VPAC1 was assessed using transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and PANC1 cells and cells possessing native VPAC1. Important species differences existed in the VIP pharmacophore. The human VPAC1 expressed in CHO cells, which were used almost exclusively in previous studies, differed markedly from the native VPAC1 in T47D cells. The most important amino acids for determining affinity are His1, Asp3, Phe6, Arg12, Arg14, and Leu23. Ser2, Asp8, Asn9, Thr11, Val19, Asn24, Ser25, Leu27, and Asn28 are not essential for high-affinity interaction/activation. [Ala2,8,9,11,19,24,25,27,28]VIP, which contained 11 alanines, was synthesized and it was equipotent to VIP at VPAC1 receptors in all species and was metabolically stable. Our results show in any design of simplified VIP analogs for VPAC1 it will be important to consider species differences and it is essential to use transfected systems that reflect the native receptor's pharmacophore. Last, with our results a simplified, metabolically stable VIP analog was identified that should be useful as a prototype for design of selective agonists/antagonists that could be useful therapeutically.

Footnotes

  • The first two authors contributed equally to this work.

  • Abbreviations:
    VIP
    vasoactive intestinal peptide
    VPAC
    for official nomenclature, see Harmar et al., 1998
    VPAC1-R
    VPAC1-receptor
    CHO
    Chinese hamster ovary
    BSA
    bovine serum albumin
    R025-1553
    Ac-His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Lys-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Nle-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Asp-Leu-Lys-Lys-Gly-Gly-Thr-NH2
    HPLC
    high-performance liquid chromatography
    hVPAC1-R
    human VPAC1-receptor
    rVPAC1-R
    rat VPAC1-receptor
    bp
    base pair
    PCR
    polymerase chain reaction
    hVIP1-R
    human vasoactive intestinal peptide1-receptor
    PACAP
    pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
    • Received October 5, 2001.
    • Accepted December 27, 2001.
  • U.S. Government
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 301 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 301, Issue 1
1 Apr 2002
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Research ArticleGASTROINTESTINAL, HEPATIC, PULMONARY, AND RENAL

Elucidation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Pharmacophore for VPAC1 Receptors in Human, Rat, and Guinea Pig

Hisato Igarashi, Tetsuhide Ito, Wei Hou, Samuel A. Mantey, Tapas K. Pradhan, Charles D. Ulrich, Simon J. Hocart, David H. Coy and Robert T. Jensen
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 2002, 301 (1) 37-50; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.301.1.37

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Research ArticleGASTROINTESTINAL, HEPATIC, PULMONARY, AND RENAL

Elucidation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Pharmacophore for VPAC1 Receptors in Human, Rat, and Guinea Pig

Hisato Igarashi, Tetsuhide Ito, Wei Hou, Samuel A. Mantey, Tapas K. Pradhan, Charles D. Ulrich, Simon J. Hocart, David H. Coy and Robert T. Jensen
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 2002, 301 (1) 37-50; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.301.1.37
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