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Research ArticleTOXICOLOGY

Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Evokes Alterations of Cell Structure in Hippocampus and Somatosensory Cortex

Tara Sankar Roy, Frederic J. Seidler and Theodore A. Slotkin
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 2002, 300 (1) 124-133; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.300.1.124
Tara Sankar Roy
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Frederic J. Seidler
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Theodore A. Slotkin
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Abstract

Offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy show behavioral abnormalities, including increased incidence of attentional deficit, learning disabilities, and cognitive dysfunction. Animal models indicate that nicotine elicits changes in neural cell replication and differentiation, leading to deficits in synaptic neurochemistry and behavioral performance, many of which first emerge at adolescence. We evaluated cellular morphology and regional architecture in the juvenile and adolescent hippocampus and the somatosensory cortex in rats exposed to nicotine prenatally. Pregnant rats were given nicotine throughout gestation via minipump infusion of 2 mg/kg/day, a regimen that elicits nicotine plasma levels comparable with those found in smokers. On postnatal days 21 and 30, brains were perfusion-fixed, coronal slices were taken between the anterior commissure and median eminence, and the morphology of the dorsal hippocampus and somatosensory cortex was characterized. In the hippocampal CA3 region and dentate gyrus, we found a substantial decrease in cell size, with corresponding decrements in cell layer thickness, and increments in cell packing density. Smaller, transient changes were seen in CA1. In layer 5 of the somatosensory cortex, although there was no significant decrement in the average cell size, there was a reduction in the proportion of medium-sized pyramidal neurons, and an increase in the proportion of smaller, nonpyramidal cells. All regions showed elevated numbers of glia. Taken together with previous work on neurochemical and functional defects, these data demonstrate that prenatal nicotine exposure compromises neuronal maturation, leading to long-lasting alterations in the structure of key brain regions involved in cognition, learning, and memory.

Footnotes

  • This research was supported by U.S. Public Health Service DA14247, by a fellowship from the International Brain Research Organization, and by a travel grant from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (New Delhi).

  • Abbreviations

    GD
    gestational day
    PN
    postnatal day
    ANOVA
    analysis of variance
    • Received September 4, 2001.
    • Accepted October 12, 2001.
    • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 300 (1)
    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    Vol. 300, Issue 1
    1 Jan 2002
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    Research ArticleTOXICOLOGY

    Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Evokes Alterations of Cell Structure in Hippocampus and Somatosensory Cortex

    Tara Sankar Roy, Frederic J. Seidler and Theodore A. Slotkin
    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 2002, 300 (1) 124-133; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.300.1.124

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    Research ArticleTOXICOLOGY

    Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Evokes Alterations of Cell Structure in Hippocampus and Somatosensory Cortex

    Tara Sankar Roy, Frederic J. Seidler and Theodore A. Slotkin
    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 2002, 300 (1) 124-133; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.300.1.124
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