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Research ArticleNEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Enadoline and Butorphanol: Evaluation of κ-Agonists on Cocaine Pharmacodynamics and Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Sharon L. Walsh, Beth Geter-Douglas, Eric C. Strain and George E. Bigelow
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics October 2001, 299 (1) 147-158;
Sharon L. Walsh
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Beth Geter-Douglas
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Eric C. Strain
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George E. Bigelow
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Abstract

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that κ-opioid agonists can attenuate the neurochemical and behavioral effects of cocaine that are related to its reinforcing efficacy, suggesting that κ-agonists may serve as pharmacotherapies for cocaine dependence. This 8-week inpatient study examined the ability of enadoline, a selective and high-efficacy κ-agonist, and butorphanol, a mixed agonist with intermediate efficacy at both μ- and κ-receptors, to reduce the direct pharmacodynamic effects and self-administration of intravenous cocaine in humans (n = 8). Acute doses of intramuscular enadoline (20, 40, and 80 μg/kg), butorphanol (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/70 kg) and placebo were examined separately as pretreatments during each of three test sessions with cocaine in a constrained random order. A cocaine dose-effect session (0, 20, and 40 mg cocaine i.v., 1 h apart) examined direct pharmacodynamic interactions on subjective and physiological indices; self-administration sessions examined choice behavior for cocaine (40 mg i.v. for six trials) versus money 1) in the presence of a sample cocaine dose with money choices presented in ascending value, and 2) in the absence of a sample dose with money choices presented in descending values. Enadoline (80 μg/70 kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced some of the positive subjective effects of cocaine (e.g., ratings of “high”), while butorphanol failed to modify subjective responses. Both agents were safely tolerated in combination with cocaine without adverse physiological responses. Cocaine self-administration was significantly greater across all pretreatment conditions when the sample dose was given and ascending money choices were used. Enadoline and butorphanol failed to modify cocaine self-administration. These data suggest that these κ-agonists may be safely administered in the presence of cocaine but do not produce significant attenuation of cocaine's direct effects or self-administration under these acute dosing conditions.

Footnotes

  • ↵1 Current address: Janssen Research Foundation, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Rd., Titusville, NJ 08560.

  • This research was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, including R01 DA10753 (to S.L.W.), T32 DA07209, K02 DA00332 (to E.C.S.), and K05 DA 00050 (to G.E.B.). This work was presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June, 2000.

  • Abbreviations:
    ARCI
    addiction research center inventory
    PCAG
    phenobarbital-chlorpromazine-alcohol group
    LSD
    lysergic acid diethylamide
    ANOVA
    analysis of variance
    • Received March 19, 2001.
    • Accepted June 4, 2001.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 299 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 299, Issue 1
1 Oct 2001
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Research ArticleNEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Enadoline and Butorphanol: Evaluation of κ-Agonists on Cocaine Pharmacodynamics and Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Sharon L. Walsh, Beth Geter-Douglas, Eric C. Strain and George E. Bigelow
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics October 1, 2001, 299 (1) 147-158;

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Research ArticleNEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Enadoline and Butorphanol: Evaluation of κ-Agonists on Cocaine Pharmacodynamics and Cocaine Self-Administration in Humans

Sharon L. Walsh, Beth Geter-Douglas, Eric C. Strain and George E. Bigelow
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics October 1, 2001, 299 (1) 147-158;
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