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Research ArticleABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION

Characterization of the Efflux Transport of 17β-Estradiol-d-17β-glucuronide from the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier

Daisuke Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, Yoshihisa Shitara, Takaaki Abe, Peter J. Meier, Takashi Sekine, Hitoshi Endou, Hiroshi Suzuki and Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics July 2001, 298 (1) 316-322;
Daisuke Sugiyama
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Hiroyuki Kusuhara
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Yoshihisa Shitara
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Takaaki Abe
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Peter J. Meier
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Takashi Sekine
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Hitoshi Endou
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Hiroshi Suzuki
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Yuichi Sugiyama
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Abstract

The contribution of organic anion transporters to the total efflux of 17β-estradiol-d-17β-glucuronide (E217βG) through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was investigated using the Brain Efflux Index method by examining the inhibitory effects of probenecid, taurocholate (TCA), p-aminohippurate (PAH), and digoxin. E217βG was eliminated through the BBB with a rate constant of 0.037 min−1 after the microinjection into the brain. Probenecid and TCA inhibited this elimination with an IC50 value of 34 and 1.8 nmol/0.5 μl of injectate, respectively, whereas PAH and digoxin reduced the total efflux to about 80 and 60% of the control value, respectively. The selectivity of these inhibitors was confirmed by examining their inhibitory effects on the transport via organic anion transporting polypeptide 1 (Oatp1), Oatp2, organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1), and Oat3 transfectants using LLC-PK1 cells as hosts. Digoxin specifically inhibited the transport via Oatp2 (Ki = 0.037 μM). TheKi values of TCA for Oatp1 and Oatp2 (11 and 39 μM, respectively) were about 20 times lower than those for Oat1 and Oat3 (2.8 and 0.8 mM, respectively). PAH did not affect the transport via the Oatp family, but had a similar affinity for Oat1 and Oat3 (85 and 300 μM, respectively). Probenecid had a similar affinity for these transporters (Oatp1, Oatp2, Oat1, and Oat3) examined in this study. Taking the selectivity of these inhibitors into consideration, the maximum contribution made by the Oatp2 and Oat family to the total efflux of E217βG from the brain appears to be about 40 and 20%, respectively.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan.

  • Abbreviations:
    BBB
    blood-brain barrier
    P-gp
    P-glycoprotein
    TCA
    taurocholate
    PAH
    p-aminohippurate
    AZT
    3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine
    BEI
    Brain Efflux Index
    E217βG
    17β-estradiol-d-17β-glucuronide
    CSF
    cerebrospinal fluid
    Oatp
    organic anion transporting polypeptide
    Oat
    organic anion transporter
    • Received January 23, 2001.
    • Accepted March 30, 2001.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 298 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 298, Issue 1
1 Jul 2001
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Research ArticleABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION

Characterization of the Efflux Transport of 17β-Estradiol-d-17β-glucuronide from the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier

Daisuke Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, Yoshihisa Shitara, Takaaki Abe, Peter J. Meier, Takashi Sekine, Hitoshi Endou, Hiroshi Suzuki and Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics July 1, 2001, 298 (1) 316-322;

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Research ArticleABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION

Characterization of the Efflux Transport of 17β-Estradiol-d-17β-glucuronide from the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier

Daisuke Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, Yoshihisa Shitara, Takaaki Abe, Peter J. Meier, Takashi Sekine, Hitoshi Endou, Hiroshi Suzuki and Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics July 1, 2001, 298 (1) 316-322;
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