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Research ArticlePERSPECTIVES IN PHARMACOLOGY

Endocannabinoids and Vascular Function

Cecilia J. Hillard
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics July 2000, 294 (1) 27-32;
Cecilia J. Hillard
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Abstract

Marijuana is used by humans for its psychoactive and medicinal effects. The active constituents of marijuana, the cannabinoids, exert effects via a G protein-coupled receptor, CB1. Two arachidonic acid analogs, N-arachidonylethanolamine and 2-arachidonylglycerol are hypothesized to function as endogenous ligands of the CB1 receptor. The cannabinoids exert significant vascular effects in humans and laboratory animals. In particular, the cannabinoids produce vasodilation and hypotension. The possible mechanisms for these effects are inhibition of transmitter release from sympathetic nerve terminals, direct effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, and effects on endothelial cell function. The data regarding these effects of the cannabinoids and possible sources of endocannabinoid ligands in the vasculature are the subjects of this review.

Footnotes

  • ↵1 The author was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants DA09155 and DA08098 during the writing of this review.

  • Received for publication January 31, 2000.

  • Abbreviations:
    Δ9-THC
    Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
    AEA
    N-arachidonylethanolamine
    2-AG
    2-arachidonylglycerol
    CB1
    neuronal cannabinoid receptor
    CNS
    central nervous system
    DMHP
    1-hydroxy-3(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-6,6,9-trimethyl 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6-dibenzopyran
    EDHF
    endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor
    NO
    nitric oxide
    • Accepted February 23, 2000.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 294 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 294, Issue 1
1 Jul 2000
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Research ArticlePERSPECTIVES IN PHARMACOLOGY

Endocannabinoids and Vascular Function

Cecilia J. Hillard
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics July 1, 2000, 294 (1) 27-32;

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Research ArticlePERSPECTIVES IN PHARMACOLOGY

Endocannabinoids and Vascular Function

Cecilia J. Hillard
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics July 1, 2000, 294 (1) 27-32;
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    • Abstract
    • Cardiovascular Effects of the Cannabinoids In Vivo
    • Activation of the CB1 Receptor Results in Decreased Sympathetic Outflow
    • Nonneuronal Sites of Cannabinoid Action
    • Nonneuronal Sites of Cannabinoid Action: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
    • Nonneuronal Sites of Cannabinoid Action: Endothelial Cells
    • Sensory Nerves as a Site of a Noncannabinoid Effect of AEA
    • Sources of Endocannabinoids in the Vasculature
    • Summary and Therapeutic Implications
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