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Research ArticleArticle

Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Activity of Moronic Acid Purified fromRhus javanica In Vitro and In Vivo

Masahiko Kurokawa, Purusotam Basnet, Mizue Ohsugi, Toyoharu Hozumi, Shigetoshi Kadota, Tsuneo Namba, Takashi Kawana and Kimiyasu Shiraki
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1999, 289 (1) 72-78;
Masahiko Kurokawa
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Purusotam Basnet
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Mizue Ohsugi
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Toyoharu Hozumi
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Shigetoshi Kadota
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Tsuneo Namba
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Takashi Kawana
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Kimiyasu Shiraki
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Abstract

Rhus javanica, a medicinal herb, has been shown to exhibit oral therapeutic anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity in mice. We purified two major anti-HSV compounds, moronic acid and betulonic acid, from the herbal extract by extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 10 followed by chromatographic separations and examined their anti-HSV activity in vitro and in vivo. Moronic acid was quantitatively a major anti-HSV compound in the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. The effective concentrations for 50% plaque reduction of moronic acid and betulonic acid for wild-type HSV type 1 (HSV-1) were 3.9 and 2.6 μg/ml, respectively. The therapeutic index of moronic acid (10.3–16.3) was larger than that of betulonic acid (6.2). Susceptibility of acyclovir-phosphonoacetic acid-resistant HSV-1, thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1, and wild-type HSV type 2 to moronic acid was similar to that of the wild-type HSV-1. When this compound was administered orally to mice infected cutaneously with HSV-1 three times daily, it significantly retarded the development of skin lesions and/or prolonged the mean survival times of infected mice without toxicity compared with the control. Moronic acid suppressed virus yields in the brain more efficiently than those in the skin. This was consistent with the prolongation of mean survival times. Thus, moronic acid was purified as a major anti-HSV compound from the herbal extract ofRhus javanica. Mode of the anti-HSV activity was different from that of ACV. Moronic acid showed oral therapeutic efficacy in HSV-infected mice and possessed novel anti-HSV activity that was consistent with that of the extract.

Footnotes

  • Send reprint requests to: Dr. Kimiyasu Shiraki, Department of Virology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mailkshiraki{at}toyama-mpu.ac.jp

  • Abbreviations:
    ACV
    acyclovir
    APr
    acyclovir/phosphonoacetic acid-resistant
    CC50
    50% cytotoxic concentration
    EC50
    effective concentrations for 50% plaque reduction
    EtOAc
    ethyl acetate
    HIV
    human immunodeficiency virus
    HSV
    herpes simplex virus
    HSV-1
    herpes simplex virus type 1
    HSV-2
    herpes simplex virus type 2
    PAA
    phosphonoacetic acid
    R. javanica
    Rhus javanicaL
    TK−
    thymidine kinase-deficient
    • Received June 9, 1998.
    • Accepted October 27, 1998.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 289 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 289, Issue 1
1 Apr 1999
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Research ArticleArticle

Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Activity of Moronic Acid Purified fromRhus javanica In Vitro and In Vivo

Masahiko Kurokawa, Purusotam Basnet, Mizue Ohsugi, Toyoharu Hozumi, Shigetoshi Kadota, Tsuneo Namba, Takashi Kawana and Kimiyasu Shiraki
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 1999, 289 (1) 72-78;

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Research ArticleArticle

Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Activity of Moronic Acid Purified fromRhus javanica In Vitro and In Vivo

Masahiko Kurokawa, Purusotam Basnet, Mizue Ohsugi, Toyoharu Hozumi, Shigetoshi Kadota, Tsuneo Namba, Takashi Kawana and Kimiyasu Shiraki
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics April 1, 1999, 289 (1) 72-78;
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