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Research ArticleArticle

Two Genetically Selected Strains of Rats Exhibit Hypersensitivity or Resistance to Cocaine-Induced Fatal Arrhythmias

Bing Shi, James E. Heavner, Jian Liu, Martin J. Wang, Lorenz O. Lutherer, Dan C. McIntyre and Charles E. Reigel
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics February 1999, 288 (2) 685-692;
Bing Shi
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James E. Heavner
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Jian Liu
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Martin J. Wang
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Lorenz O. Lutherer
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Dan C. McIntyre
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Charles E. Reigel
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Abstract

We identified for the first time two genetically selected strains of rats that differ markedly in sensitivity to cocaine-induced life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and arrest. The two strains of rats, designated as Fast and Slow, were bred for sensitivity (Fast) or resistance (Slow) to electrically kindled seizures. Studies were performed on halothane-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. Animals were given cocaine (3 or 4 mg/kg/min i.v.) until they died. Arrhythmias (atrioventricular conduction block) developed at much lower cumulative cocaine doses in Slow-kindling rats than in Fast-kindling rats (15 ± 1 versus 42 ± 3 mg/kg, p < .01). The lethal cocaine dose (the dose that caused cardiac arrest) was also markedly lower in Slow than in Fast strains (32 ± 2 versus 62 ± 6 mg/kg, p < .01). These differences between the two strains were not significantly altered by pretreatment of animals with either ganglionic blockers, hexamethonium (20 mg/kg i.v.) or chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg i.v.), or a nonselectivebeta adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.). A nonselective alpha adrenergic receptor blocker, phentolamine (10 mg/kg i.v.), however, abolished the differences between the Fast and Slow strains in the doses of cocaine required to produced atrioventricular conduction block and cardiac arrest. The results provide the first evidence of genetically determined susceptibility or resistance to cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity. There appears to be a genetically determined difference in thealpha adrenergic receptor system between the two strains that is responsible for the differential sensitivity to cocaine-induced arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.

Footnotes

  • Send reprint requests to: Bing Shi, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St., Lubbock, TX 79430. E-mail:anebs{at}ttuhsc.edu

  • ↵1 This work was supported by American Heart Association, Texas Affiliate, Grant 96G-320 (B.S.), 1996 IARS Ben Covino Research Award (B.S.), The Stella M. Traweek Fund (B.S.), and Grant NS28118 (C.E.R.). The research was performed at the Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX.

  • Abbreviations:
    Fast
    genetically fast-amygdala kindling rats
    Slow
    genetically slow-amygdala kindling rats
    ECG
    electrocardiogram
    EEG
    electroencephalogram
    dp/dt
    first derivative of left ventricular pressure
    LVEDP
    left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
    AV
    atrioventricular
    MABP
    mean arterial blood pressure
    LVSP
    left ventricular systolic pressure
    MAC
    minimum alveolar concentration
    • Received May 28, 1998.
    • Accepted September 11, 1998.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 288 (2)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 288, Issue 2
1 Feb 1999
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Research ArticleArticle

Two Genetically Selected Strains of Rats Exhibit Hypersensitivity or Resistance to Cocaine-Induced Fatal Arrhythmias

Bing Shi, James E. Heavner, Jian Liu, Martin J. Wang, Lorenz O. Lutherer, Dan C. McIntyre and Charles E. Reigel
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics February 1, 1999, 288 (2) 685-692;

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Research ArticleArticle

Two Genetically Selected Strains of Rats Exhibit Hypersensitivity or Resistance to Cocaine-Induced Fatal Arrhythmias

Bing Shi, James E. Heavner, Jian Liu, Martin J. Wang, Lorenz O. Lutherer, Dan C. McIntyre and Charles E. Reigel
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics February 1, 1999, 288 (2) 685-692;
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