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Research ArticleArticle

Subjective and Physiological Effects of Intravenous Nicotine and Cocaine in Cigarette Smoking Cocaine Abusers

Hendrée E. Jones, Bridgette E. Garrett and Roland R. Griffiths
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1999, 288 (1) 188-197;
Hendrée E. Jones
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Bridgette E. Garrett
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Roland R. Griffiths
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Abstract

The subjective and physiological effects of intravenously administered cocaine and nicotine were compared in 10 cigarette-smoking cocaine abusers. Subjects abstained from smoking at least 8 h before each session. Under double blind conditions, subjects received placebo, cocaine (10, 20, and 40 mg/70 mg), or nicotine (0.75, 1.5, 3.0 mg/70 kg) in mixed order. Physiological and subjective data were collected before and repeatedly after each intravenous drug administration. Subjects also completed a drug versus money multiple-choice procedure in which they chose between that day’s drug and 44 monetary values. Both drugs increased blood pressure and heart rate and decreased skin temperature. Nicotine showed a more rapid onset of subjective effects than cocaine. Overall, although both cocaine and nicotine increased subjective ratings of “drug effect”, “rush”, “good effects”, “liking”, “high”, and “stimulated”, only nicotine increased ratings of “bad effects” and “jittery”. Although the highest nicotine dose produced greater effects than the highest cocaine dose on most subjective measures, the highest cocaine dose produced somewhat greater ratings of drug liking. At doses that produced comparable ratings of drug effect (40 mg/70 kg cocaine versus 1.5 mg/70 kg nicotine), cocaine produced significantly greater good effects, whereas nicotine produced greater bad effects. All three cocaine doses and the intermediate and high nicotine doses were frequently categorized as producing effects similar to those of cocaine or amphetamine. The drug versus money measure showed that the highest cocaine dose was worth twice as much as the highest nicotine dose. Thus, intravenous cocaine and nicotine can be differentiated by their subjective and reinforcing effects.

Footnotes

  • Send reprint requests to: Roland R. Griffiths, Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr., Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224. E-mail:griffiths{at}jhmi.edu.

  • ↵1 This research was supported in part by a U.S. Public Health Service Research Grant R01-DA03890 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

  • ↵2 Present address: Neuroscience Division, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329.

  • Abbreviations:
    ARCI
    Addiction Research Center Inventory
    VAS
    visual analog scales
    PCAG
    pentobarbital-chloropromazine alcohol group
    MBG
    morphine-benzedrine group
    LSD
    lysergic acid diethylamide
    BG
    benzedrine group
    A
    amphetamine
    ANOVA
    analysis of variance
    PCP
    phencyclidine
    • Received February 19, 1998.
    • Accepted July 29, 1998.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics: 288 (1)
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 288, Issue 1
1 Jan 1999
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Research ArticleArticle

Subjective and Physiological Effects of Intravenous Nicotine and Cocaine in Cigarette Smoking Cocaine Abusers

Hendrée E. Jones, Bridgette E. Garrett and Roland R. Griffiths
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 1999, 288 (1) 188-197;

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Research ArticleArticle

Subjective and Physiological Effects of Intravenous Nicotine and Cocaine in Cigarette Smoking Cocaine Abusers

Hendrée E. Jones, Bridgette E. Garrett and Roland R. Griffiths
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics January 1, 1999, 288 (1) 188-197;
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