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Research ArticleArticle

Comparing the Subjective, Psychomotor and Physiological Effects of Intravenous Pentazocine and Morphine in Normal Volunteers

James P. Zacny, Joanna L. Hill, Matthew L. Black and Parvine Sadeghi
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics September 1998, 286 (3) 1197-1207;
James P. Zacny
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Joanna L. Hill
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Matthew L. Black
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Parvine Sadeghi
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Abstract

The purposes of this study were to characterize the subjective, psychomotor and physiological effects of pentazocine in non–drug-abusing volunteers and to compare and contrast the effects of pentazocine with those of morphine. Sixteen subjects without histories of opiate dependence were injected in an upper extremity vein with 0, 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/70 kg pentazocine or 10 mg/70 kg morphine, using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Pentazocine increased scores on the pentobarbital-chlorpromazine-alcohol group and lysergic acid diethylamide scales and decreased scores on the benzedrine group scale of the Addiction Research Center Inventory, increased adjective checklist ratings of “nodding,” “sweating” and “turning of stomach” and increased visual analog scale ratings of “difficulty concentrating,” “drunk” and “having unpleasant bodily sensations.” Pentazocine (30 mg) had a greater propensity to increase ratings associated with dysphoria than did 10 mg of morphine. Pentazocine produced impairment on four measures of psychomotor performance. Ten milligrams of morphine produced minimal psychomotor impairment. Both pentazocine and morphine induced miosis, but 10 mg of morphine had a greater magnitude of effect than 30 mg of pentazocine. The results of the present study demonstrate that 7.5 to 30 mg of pentazocine had orderly, dose-related effects on subjective, psychomotor and physiological variables. Further, a clinically relevant dose of pentazocine, 30 mg, produced a greater magnitude of dysphoric subjective effects than did 10 mg of morphine, which is consistent with the literature reporting that pentazocine has a greater likelihood of inducing psychotomimesis than do other opioids.

Footnotes

  • Send reprint requests to: James P. Zacny, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care/MC4028, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.

  • ↵1 This research was supported in part by Grant DA-08573 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

  • Abbreviations:
    ARCI
    Addiction Research Center Inventory: PCAG: pentobarbital-chlorpromazine-alcohol group
    BG
    benzedrine group
    LSD
    lysergic acid diethylamide
    MBG
    morphine-benzedrine group
    AMP
    amphetamine
    DS
    discriminative stimulus
    DSST
    digit symbol substitution test
    SDQ
    single dose questionnaire
    VAS
    visual analog scale
    • Received December 30, 1997.
    • Accepted May 4, 1998.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 286, Issue 3
1 Sep 1998
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Research ArticleArticle

Comparing the Subjective, Psychomotor and Physiological Effects of Intravenous Pentazocine and Morphine in Normal Volunteers

James P. Zacny, Joanna L. Hill, Matthew L. Black and Parvine Sadeghi
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics September 1, 1998, 286 (3) 1197-1207;

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Research ArticleArticle

Comparing the Subjective, Psychomotor and Physiological Effects of Intravenous Pentazocine and Morphine in Normal Volunteers

James P. Zacny, Joanna L. Hill, Matthew L. Black and Parvine Sadeghi
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics September 1, 1998, 286 (3) 1197-1207;
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