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OtherDRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION

Absorption and Elimination of Viper Venom after Antivenom Administration

Gilles Rivière, Valérie Choumet, Bernard Saliou, Marcel Debray and Cassian Bon
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics May 1998, 285 (2) 490-495;
Gilles Rivière
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Valérie Choumet
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Bernard Saliou
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Marcel Debray
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Cassian Bon
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Abstract

The mechanisms by which antivenom neutralizes the venom are still poorly understood. In the present work, we studied the effects of antivenom, constituted with either F(ab′)2 or Fab, on the processes of absorption and elimination of Vipera aspisvenom in experimentally envenomed rabbits. We first concluded from this study that during the few hours after intramuscular injection, the venom rapidly disappeared from the site of injection but did not immediately reach the vascular system, suggesting that it is partly absorbed via the lymphatic circulation. Concerning the elimination process of the venom in the presence of antivenom, we observed that the elimination of F(ab′)2/venom complexes is slower than that of free venom in the absence of antivenom but faster than that of free F(ab′)2, suggesting that F(ab′)2/venom complexes are eliminated by phagocytosis. The Fab/venom complexes, on the other hand, are eliminated more slowly than free Fab. These complexes are not eliminated through the renal route in agreement with their high molecular weight. In addition, we observed that the treatment of envenomed rabbits with antivenom made of Fab, but not F(ab′)2, is responsible for an oliguria that could be responsible for clinical problems.

Footnotes

  • Send reprint requests to: Dr. Cassian Bon, Unité des Venins, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France. E-mail: cbon{at}pasteur.fr

  • Abbreviations:
    AUC
    area under the curve
    AUMC
    area under the first moment curve
    ClT
    total clearance
    ELISA
    enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    MRT
    mean residence time
    Tmax
    time for maximal concentration
    Vdss
    volume of distribution at steady state
    • Received August 27, 1997.
    • Accepted January 9, 1998.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Vol. 285, Issue 2
1 May 1998
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OtherDRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION

Absorption and Elimination of Viper Venom after Antivenom Administration

Gilles Rivière, Valérie Choumet, Bernard Saliou, Marcel Debray and Cassian Bon
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics May 1, 1998, 285 (2) 490-495;

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OtherDRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION

Absorption and Elimination of Viper Venom after Antivenom Administration

Gilles Rivière, Valérie Choumet, Bernard Saliou, Marcel Debray and Cassian Bon
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics May 1, 1998, 285 (2) 490-495;
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