… is discounted more than is the value of a $10 fi ne collected in 1 week. This loss aversion
phenomenon where gains are discounted more than losses has been empirically …

We review behavioral- and neuroeconomic research that identifies temporal discounting as
an important component in the development and maintenance of drug addiction. First, we …

The field of behavioral economics has made important inroads into the understanding of
substance use disorders through the concept of reinforcer pathology. Reinforcer pathology …

… 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary rewards ($11–$80) available
immediately and larger rewards ($25–$85) available after delays ranging from 1 week to …

… The seven reward delays were 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 5 years, and
25 years. These amounts and delays have commonly been used in the study of delay …

… This procedure was repeated at each of 7 delays (1 week to 25 years). Opioid-dependent
participants were given a second series of choices between immediate and delayed heroin, …

… between $5 now and $10 in 1 week, and you chose $10 in 1 week. I would then give you …
in 1 week, or having you come back to this building and pick up a check for $10 in 1 week. If …

… urinalysis during weeks 1 through 24 of treatment were 11.7±2.0 weeks in the group with
vouchers vs 6.0±1.5 weeks in the group without vouchers (P=.03). At 24 weeks after treatment …

… Ten of the patients given behavioral therapy achieved 4 weeks of … 8 weeks, and three
achieved 12 weeks; none of the patients in the 12-step counseling program achieved 8 weeks. …

… To assess the test-retest reliability of the delay discount rates, participants returned to the
laboratory 1 week later and evaluated all of the delayed outcomes a second time. …